Analysis of vapor phase organics in air of Beijing, Langfang and Tianjin by capillary GC and GC/MS

The vapor phase organics (VPOs) in the air of Beijing, Langfang and Tianjin were detected by a capillary gas chromatography and GC/MS during the winter and the summer separately. The tentatively identified compounds include alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, alkenes, aromatics, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, halocarbons and so on. The numbers of VPOs found are 118 in Beijing, 83 in Lang-fang and 65 in Tianjin in the winter, and 56, 39 and 72 in the summer respectively. Based on the data of some representative compounds determined quantitatively by GC and GC/MS, a profile of organic pollution in the air of the three cities is presented.     

防虫蛀织物中有机杀虫剂残留的GC／MS测定

织物试样由丙酮－正己烷混合溶剂浸渍后进行超声提取，提取液经Celite层析柱净化。40℃为转蒸发浓缩、定容，由GC／MS测定试样中的DCB、Naphthalene,PCP及Permethrin含量，本方法适合毛织物中防虫蚊整理剂、防霉剂及驱虫制剂残留的定性量分析，方法在目标化合物的检测限（LOQs)D0.1-0.5Mg/Kg之范围内，平均回收率介于89.2-94.6%之间，相对标准偏差为2.3-8.1%。     

Changes in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels associated with intrauterine genetic diagnostic procedures

The amount of fetal—maternal transfusion during invasive intrauterine diagnostic instrumentation was determined by measuring the increase in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (Δ AFP) caused by the procedure. Fetal liver biopsy or fetoscopy for purposes other than blood sampling caused a mean Δ AFP of 11.4 ng/ml and 34.2 ng/ml, respectively. Fetoscopy with fetal blood sampling produced a mean Δ AFP of 211.8 ng/ml, while fetoscopy followed by placentesis caused a mean Δ AFP of 462.8 ng/ml (representing a 1.07 ml fetal—maternal transfusion). Although this magnitude of fetal—maternal transfusion is an acceptable risk for the fetus, it is a sufficient transfusion to cause blood cell antigen sensitization.     

Major and trace elemental analysis in milk powder by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)

Major and trace element in seven different kinds of milk powder were studied. The concentration of 24 elements were determined by ICP-OES method, from these elements 9 elements determined by INAA. The determination of trace element contents of foodstuffs, especially milk as daily drink for all peoples age which being a complex food has great importance. The elemental analysis of milk is important both as an indicator of environmental contamination and because milk is a significant pathway for toxic metal intake and a source of essential nutrients for humans. The major elements are Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S. While trace element are B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se,Sn, Sr, V, W and Zn.ICP-OES technique is shown to be a powerful tool for trace determinations in powder samples. This is shown by its use for analysis of aseries of the milk powders mentioned and comparative results of other direct technique such as instrumental neutron activation analysis. Analysis of both standard reference material A-Ⅱ milk powder and NBS Orchard leaves for quality accurance had been completed, and used for a relative method calculate. The importance of the major and trace elements to human health was discussed     

质谱/质谱法快速检出国产五氯酚中的痕量剧毒杂质—四氯二苯并呋喃

多氯二苯并二(口恶)(口英)(PCDD)及多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDF)是化学结构相象的二组剧毒化合物.1976年意大利的Seveso发生污染事件后,它们对人体的伤害及生态环境的影响受到了世界上环境学家和生态学家的广泛重视.PCDD和PCDF各有75个和135个异构体,其毒性差别可达1000—10000倍,其中的十个异构体(包括2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二(口恶)(口英),TCDD)已被列入对动物具有最大毒性的一批天然和人为毒物之内,它们会引起肝损伤、氯痤疮、神经系统损伤及致突变、致畸、致癌.急性皮肤毒性的LD_(50)值为1—100μg/kg,对猴子的LD_(50)值,TCDD是30—70μg/kg,TCDF是1000μg/kg,Kara-sek建议人体(50kg体重)对TCDD和TCDF的允许暴露水平是2 pg/day(致癌性).这类化合物具有脂溶性,易被土壤吸附,在自然环境中代谢降解速度缓慢,从而增加了环境     

安徽省土壤中有机氯杀虫剂的残留状况研究

2004年5月31日至6月8日采集了安徽省境内的长江流域、淮河流域、巢湖周边的119个土壤表层样品,利用ASE萃取技术,使用GC/MS方法测定了样品中的六氯苯、氯丹、滴滴涕类物质(∑DDTs)、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯和灭蚁灵等有机氯杀虫剂的含量.其中,六氯苯、滴滴涕类物质的检出率分别为100%、996.2%,艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯、灭蚁灵等未检出.总有机氯杀虫剂平均含量为58.2μg·kg-1,∑DDTs占总有机氯杀虫剂含量的86.2%,是安徽省土壤中有机氯杀虫剂残留的主要成分.原农药厂附近土壤和棉花地土壤中∑DDT2残留量较高,部分样品∑DDTs含量超标.六氯苯是安徽土壤中普遍存在的一类持久性有机污染物,但残留量很低,没有对土壤质量造成危害.     

重庆流域嘉陵江和长江水环境中壬基酚污染状况调查

利用固相萃取（SPE）－气相色谱－质谱法（GC－MS）对嘉陵江和长江重庆段河流和以这两条河流为水源的5个自来水厂水样中壬基粉（NP）进行了检测,河流水样中4月份NP的浓度范围为0.02-1.12μg/L，7月份为1．55－6.85μg/L，自来水厂的水样中，4月份NP浓度范围为＜0．01－0．06μg/L,7月份为.10-2.73μg/L，方法的自来水加标回收率大于90％，环境水样中的加标回收率大于80％，检测限为0.01μg/L.     

毛细管GC-ECD测定环境样品中的PCBs

建立了毛细管柱ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ测定海洋环境样品中的ＰＣＢｓ的分析方法,给出了ＰＣＢｓ和ＯＣＰｓ的Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ柱层析的分离方式以及回收率,测定了国际互校样品和我国海洋环境样品中的ＰＣＢｓ。结果表明,本方法可用于海洋环境样品中ＰＣＢｓ的分析。     

生物流化床A/O2工艺处理焦化废水过程中有机组分的GC/MS分析

在自行设计的2000m3·d-1规模的生物流化床A/O2工艺中,以实际焦化废水为研究对象,采用GC/MS法分析各单元工艺的有机物组分,解析了污染物的降解规律.结果发现,焦化废水中酚类物质占有机物总量的90%以上;厌氧阶段对废水COD的去除率为10%～15%,主要为大分子复杂有机物分解为有机酸、有机醇类,此过程使废水BOD/COD值由0.30提高到0.45;一级好氧阶段可去除大部分的酚、胺、喹啉、吡啶、呋喃、吲哚、萘等组分,COD的去除率达到65%～70%;二级好氧阶段的COD去除率为40%～50%.间甲苯酚、哌嗪、哌啶、长链烃类、苯类等在生物处理出水中可被检出,属于难降解成分,有必要对其进行深度处理.采用TTC脱氢酶法测试了不同工艺段废水对酶活的影响,在相同的TOC浓度时,厌氧出水和一级好氧出水的酶活达26～29μg·h-1,滤池出水的酶活为几个工艺段水质的最低值7.02μg·h-1,显示其中可被微生物利用的有机物急剧减少.     

GC/MS法分析焦化废水中微量有机污染物

介绍了GC/MS联用仪对废水中微量有机污染物进行分离定性、定量的实验方法 ,并通过对实验结果的分析 ,阐述了活性污泥法对焦化废水有机污染物的去除效果