北京市中心城区道路尘土中铂族元素的污染特征

为研究北京市中心城区铂族元素(PGEs)的污染状况,于2009年12月采集了二环道路尘土样品.样品经王水消解和阳离子交换树脂分离纯化后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了道路尘土中PGEs的含量.结果表明,二环道路尘土中,Pd的含量为17.40～458.75 ng.g-1(平均值为126.66 ng.g-1),Pt的含量为10.04～182.89 ng.g-1(平均值为65.25ng.g-1),Rh的含量为4.00～68.04 ng.g-1(平均值为22.67 ng.g-1).与国内外其它城市相比,Pt含量偏低,Pd和Rh含量处于中等水平.总体而言,近几年道路尘土中Pd含量有了较大幅度的升高.中心城区的PGEs平均含量从大到小的顺序为:西二环≈东二环>北二环>南二环,主要受机动车流量控制.不同粒径的道路尘土中PGEs含量不同,0.125～0.25 mm粒径范围内尘土中的PGEs含量最高,而粒径<0.063 mm的尘土中PGEs含量较低.采用粒径<0.063 mm尘土中的PGEs含量来评价整个道路尘土中的PGEs含量容易导致结果偏低,从而低估其在环境的污染水平.     

大气颗粒物中无机元素特性的研究

介绍用ICP-MS方法分析大气颗粒物中的无机元素,研究了部分污染元素在不同粒径颗粒物中的富集特征以及不同季节的浓度变化,并采用富集因子法对颗粒物的来源进行初步探讨。     

离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(IC-ICP-MS)测定水体中的砷形态

使用离子色谱(IC)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术对水中砷的形态进行分离检测,对流动相、进样量和流速等条件进行了研究。使用IonpacAS18阴离子色谱柱,NH4HCO3作为淋洗液,1.0mL·min-1流速,成功的进行砷形态分离,该方法在100μL进样量下,4种砷形态(三价砷(As(III))、五价砷(As(V))、一甲基砷(MMA)和二甲基砷(DMA))的方法检出限在10～30ng·L-1之间,方法回收率为82.6%～110%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%～10.9%。     

环境中长寿核素的ICP-MS测量研究及进展

本文综述了ICP-MS用于环境样品中U,Np和Pu的放射性长寿命核素测定的各项相关技术以及近年来一些重要的研究和进展状况,同时对技术难点——干扰效应进行了讨论.     

ICP-MS及其在环境分析中的应用

ICP-MS是环境监测分析的新技术?该文就ICP-MS的特点及其土壤?水和人发?动物脏器及动植物等环境样品分析中的应用作了概括介绍      

Determination of total content and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes by ICP-QMS

The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes. An analytical method was developed with a plutonium and uranium separation procedure based on extraction chromatography (using 2 mL TEVA and UTEVA columns) and detection with a quadrupole ICP-MS applying an ultra-sonic nebulizer coupled with a membrane desolvation system. Starting from blank swipes, the background equivalent concentration (BEC) was 8 fg for ²³⁹Pu and 1 ng ²³⁸U. The method was successfully applied to certified reference materials as well as to round robin samples obtained in the framework of the inter-laboratory exercise program, promoted by the Brazilian–Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC), together with the US Department of Energy (USDOE). After the introduction of an additional ion-exchange separation step, the methodology was applied to the IAEA-384 sediment reference sample with precise and accurate total plutonium and uranium, ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu, ²⁴¹Pu/²³⁹Pu, ²³⁴U/²³⁸U and ²³⁵U/²³⁸U atomic ratio results.     

上海市大气气溶胶中铅污染的综合研究

采用质子激发X荧光分析(PIXE)、质子微探针、电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)和扩展X-射线吸收精细结构谱(EXAFS)等分析手段研究上海市大气气溶胶PM₁₀中铅的浓度、化学种态和铅的源解析.研究发现2002年冬天和2003年上海地区大气气溶胶PM₁₀中铅的平均浓度分别为369ng/m³和224ng/m³,铅的化学种态主要是PbCl₂、PbSO₄和PbO,燃煤烟尘、钢铁烟尘和汽车尾气是主要排放源,它们对气溶胶中铅的贡献率分别为50%、35%和15%.     

Dental clinics: a point pollution source, not only of mercury but also of other amalgam constituents

Current literature suggests that amalgam waste from dental clinics is a point-source of mercury pollution in the environment. However, apart from mercury, other amalgam constituents (e.g. Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn) in dental clinics’ wastewater have not been reported in the literature before. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of mercury and other metals in the wastewater of some dental clinics and the influent of a wastewater treatment plant in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah (KSA). Samples were collected over a 2-month period from three dental clinics and analyzed for metals using ICP-MS. The mean concentrations of Hg, Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn in the samples were 5.3 ± 11.1, 0.49 ± 0.96, 3.0 ± 10.7, 10.0 ± 14.5, and 76.7 ± 106 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, high concentrations of other metals such as Mg (14.4 ± 15.2 mg L⁻¹), Mn (3.0 ± 4.6 mg L⁻¹), Fe (3.0 ± 4.5 mg L⁻¹), Sr (1.6 ± 2.4 mg L⁻¹), and Ba (6.9 ± 10.3 mg L⁻¹) were also found. These values are much higher than the local permissible limits. Most of the metals of interest were also detected in the influent of the wastewater treatment plant. This renders dental clinics wastewater a hazardous waste which should be properly treated before it is discharged into the environment.     

Chemometric approach to evaluate element distribution in muscle,liver and fish bone of roach (Rutilus rutilus), silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) from Swarzędzkie Lake (Poland) using ICP-MS and FIAS-CVAAS techniques

The content of elements in fish tissues and organs from Swarz?dzkie Lake was investigated in order to evaluate the possible risk associated with their consumption by animals as well as humans. Samples of muscle, liver and fish bone of three fish species; roach (Rutilus rutilus), silver bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius) were collected from seine catches undertaken as part of the biomanipulation of Swarz?dzkie Lake. Element concentration (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with the exception of Hg where the flow injection analysis system cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (FIAS-CVAAS) was applied. The study indicated a large variation in the occurrence of the investigated elements in different parts of the fish body. The highest content of Al and Zn was stated in all fish organs for each fish species. The majority of the applied statistical and chemometric methods (e.g., PCA, CA) refer to roach since we had a large number of data for this species. The obtained results were assessed in terms of their accuracy and precision using certified reference material of Fish Muscle ERM BB422.     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定宣威和富源土壤中的微量元素

建立了微波消解-ICP-MS法测定土壤中32种微量元素的方法。采用氢氟酸-硝酸-过氧化氢体系微波消解,稀释定容后用ICP-MS对溶液进行元素的测定,在优化仪器工作参数后,以双内标铑(Rh)和铼(Re)进行校正。元素检出限为0.01～0.45ng/ml,测定国家标准物质西藏土壤成分分析标准物质GBW 08302中的元素,测定值与标准值或参考值基本一致,用该法测定云南宣威和富源两地24份土壤样品结果表明,该方法快速、简便、准确,适于土壤中多种微量元素的测定。