Ecological economics: themes, approaches, and differences with environmental economics

This article provides a short overview of the main themes of ecological economics (EE). It is argued that EE provides a platform that fosters multidisciplinary environmental research by bringing together the core contributing disciplines – economics and ecology. In addition, EE is regarded as a pluralistic approach to environmental research that can be set opposite to, and has indeed developed as a response to, traditional environmental and resource economics. A comparison of the two fields is presented to clarify the essential differences between them. In addition, specific themes are examined in more detail. These include: sustainable development; the growth debate; international trade; dynamic processes; and behaviour and policy. Electronic Publication     

国外直升机救援现状及启示

通过列举西方等发达国家应用直升飞机应急救援的实例,把一种高效的救援方式展现在给我们的眼前,同时给出了我国在此方面的发展目标及存在的问题。     

我国安全评价现状分析及对策的思考

应用安全科学的方法和基本原理,从安全系统工程学、安全经济学的角度出发,以科学发展的态度分析目前评价过程中存在的主要问题,认为政府应加强监管,规范中介机构的行为,加强评价机构的管理,实行优胜劣汰,提高安全评价报告的质量,确保评价结果的科学性;进一步完善跟踪指导,要定性、定量评价互补,并应用综合评价数学模型,使之向科学、规范、有序的方向发展。为防止重特大及频发性事故的发生,为国家、部门和企业的决策提供科学依据;以提高整体的安全生产水平,确保经济安全稳定的运行和持续发展。     

Doing good,but looking bad? Local perceptions of two humanitarian organisations in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

This paper examines local perceptions of two international humanitarian organisations, the International Rescue Committee (IRC) and Malteser International, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (formerly known as Zaire). At times, the self‐perception of these organisations differs considerably from the perceptions of local beneficiaries and stakeholders. This study begins by reviewing the current status of research on local perceptions of externally‐introduced humanitarian action. It goes on to discuss the local perceptions of the IRC and Malteser International, as well as the origins of these perceptions, and to show that three different narratives are used by local actors to explain their different perceptions. The paper ends with an examination of the factors that help to account for the differences in perceptions and of the implications of this type of research for humanitarian principles and management, as well as for the study of local perceptions.     

我国博物馆陈列文物防震技术现状研究

为保护我国博物馆陈列文物,基于文献查阅及现场勘查相结合的方法,从博物馆、陈列台座、陈列文物三方面出发,以陈列文物为重点,研究了我国博物馆在陈文物的防震技术现状,分析了不足之处,提出了改进建议。结果表明:我国博物馆在陈文物目前以传统防震技术为主,虽然它们能在一定程度上减轻文物震害,但也存在破坏文物、影响外观、无参照标准等问题,应进行合理改进和完善;另一方面,对文物防震具有重要作用的防震博物馆及文物隔震台座在我国应进一步推广。     

黄石市医疗污染物排放现状及其防治对策

调查了黄石市医疗污染物的排放及处理处置 ,并分析医疗污染物排放现状、污染特征及其处理处置存在的问题 ,提出了切实可行的防治对策。为行业环境管理和疫 (疾 )病传播源分析提供科学依据。     

室内装修污染与防治

阐述了室内装修对空气的影响 ,分析室内污染物的来源及对人体健康的危害。通过室内环境监测 ,提出室内污染的防治措施。     

Understanding the drivers of expert opinion when classifying species as extinct

The criteria as laid out by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List are the gold standard by which the extinction risk of a species is assessed and where appropriate biological extinctions are declared. However, unlike all other categories, the category of extinct lacks a quantitative framework for assigning this category. Given its subjective nature, we surveyed expert assessors working on a diversity of taxa to explore the attributes they used to declare a species extinct. Using a choice experiment approach, we surveyed 674 experts from the IUCN Species Survival Commission specialist groups and taskforces. Data availability, time from the last sighting, detectability, habitat availability, and population decline were all important attributes favored by assessors when inferring extinction. Respondents with red-listing experience assigned more importance to the attributes data availability, time from the last sighting, and detectability when considering a species extinction, whereas those respondents working with well-known taxa gave more importance to the time from the last sighting. Respondents with no red-listing experience and those working with more well-known taxa (i.e., mammals and birds) were overall less likely to consider species extinct. Our findings on the importance assessors place on attributes used to declare a species extinct provide a basis for informing the development of specific criteria for more accurately assessing species extinctions.     

乌鲁木齐市餐饮服务业污染现状及管理对策探讨

针对乌鲁木齐市餐饮服务业目前的发展特点,对其污染现状进行了分析,并提出管理对策。     

水稻中硅元素的分布及存在状态

利用UV-Vis分光光度计、X线分析显微镜及扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)对水稻不同器官中硅元素的含量、分布及存在状态进行观察和分析,研究水稻中硅酸的化学性质,为水稻硅元素的综合利用提供科学依据.结果表明:水稻以可溶性原硅酸的形式吸收土壤中的硅酸,同样以可溶性原硅酸的形式输送到各器官中.不同的生长期,水稻导管液内的可溶性原硅酸的含量不同,成熟期最高可达到912 mg/L(以SiO2表示).通过比较导管汁液和土壤溶液的硅酸浓度可知,水稻选择性地吸收和浓缩硅酸,最高浓缩率可达85倍.X线分析显微镜观察发现,硅酸普遍存在于水稻各器官中,越是坚硬的部位硅酸分布得越多.SEM图像表明,沉积在水稻各器官中的硅胶体具有一定的形状且不溶于强酸.对水稻干燥组分中硅酸含量的分析结果表明,稻壳中硅酸含量最高,达到13.3%,是生产硅单质及碳化硅材料的最有效的资源之一.