中国北方农牧交错带2000—2010年生态环境状况分析

北方农牧交错带是中国生态环境的一条过渡带,也是中国重要的生态安全屏障带,生态环境脆弱,具有明显的不稳定性和敏感性。以中国北方农牧交错带为研究对象,构建了反映区域生态生产力、功能支撑力、制约因子和胁迫因子的农牧交错带生态环境状况评估体系,利用多源遥感数据、土地生态数据、环境数据、气象数据等多源信息综合评估2000—2010年间该地区生态质量状况及变化趋势。根据Linear Regression和K-means cluster分析表明,该区域生态环境质量以"一般"为主,10年间生态环境质量呈现整体"稳中变好"的特征,"良"和"一般"呈增加趋势,16个县生态功能改善,18个县生态生产力呈恢复状态,16个县土地退化程度降低。水分条件和环境负荷是影响农牧交错带的主要限制和胁迫因子,局部地区存在显著生态风险。     

钦州湾近岸海域水质状况及富营养化分析

2012年5月钦州湾近岸海域水质监测结果表明,钦州湾近岸水温、盐度、pH、溶解氧等基本环境参数均有利于亚热带海洋生物的生长繁殖;溶解无机氮(DIN)和活性硅酸盐(SiO2-3-Si)均显示过剩,但溶解无机磷(DIP)具有低磷特征,高的氮磷比值使PO3-4-P可能成为浮游植物生长的潜在限制因子,且COD部分站位出现超标现象。污染指数(A)和单因子污染指数(Pi)结果显示,近期整个钦州湾近岸水域污染程度达到2级,属于开始受到污染,水质受到化学耗氧有机物不同程度的污染,超标率达到30%。富营养状态指数结果表明,钦州湾近岸海域总体尚未达到富营养化,但局部区域已出现富营养化状况。COD对富营养化的贡献率平均值及范围为72.46%(67.36%~83.96%),COD已成为影响钦州湾近岸海域富营养化的重要因素。     

废酸的综合治理与资源化研究进展

通过对废酸处置行业的现状调查研究,探讨了双极膜法、结晶法、中和法、喷雾焙烧法、离子交换法、化学转化法等典型废酸处置工艺的特点及存在的问题。以提高环境和经济效益为前提,针对废酸处置行业普遍存在的重金属处理问题,提出将电解法、双极膜法和离子交换法等关键技术集成和改性,形成具有耐酸和重金属高效去除等能力的针对废酸特点的新工艺等建议。     

黄河三角洲水环境现状调查

调查了黄河三角洲的排污现状及治理情况,分析评价了黄河三角洲地区的水环境质量。指出石油开采业和造纸黄河三角洲地区的主要污染行业。     

深化大气环境监测管理立法的对策

简述了当前大气环境污染演变趋势特征及面临的挑战,分析了环境监测预警在法制建设方面的薄弱环节。提出,要以《江苏省大气污染防治条例》实行为契机,强化政府环境监测的职能;赋予监测数据应有的法律属性;强化环境的全要素监测;建立以环境质量为目标导向的监测管理制度;严厉打击数据弄虚作假;加快监测信息全公开。     

丰水期阿克苏河水系中挥发性有机物污染现状

近年来,随着阿克苏地区经济的快速发展和工业活动的增加,阿克苏河的水环境质量受到越来越多的关注,但对其挥发性有机物污染状况的研究却鲜有报道。本研究采用气相色谱/质谱法,选取了有代表性的17个采样点位对丰水期阿克苏地区地表水中挥发性有机污染物的种类和含量进行了测定,对检出污染物的情况进行了分析探讨。     

Avian Mortality at Oil Pits in the United States: A Review of the Problem and Efforts for Its Solution

Oil production operations produce waste fluids that may be stored in pits, open tanks, and other sites accessible to wildlife. Birds visit these fluid-filled pits and tanks (“oil pits”), which often resemble water sources, and may become trapped and die. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has a program to reduce these impacts by locating problem pits, documenting mortality of protected wildlife species, and seeking cleanup or corrective action at problem pits with the help of state and federal agencies regulating the oil industry. Species identification and verification of protected status for birds recovered from oil pits are performed at the USFWS National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory. From 1992 to 2005, a minimum of 2060 individual birds were identified from remains recovered from oil pits, representing 172 species from 44 families. The taxonomic and ecological diversity of these birds indicates that oil pits pose a threat to virtually all species of birds that encounter them. Ninety-two percent of identified bird remains belonged to protected species. Most remains identified at the Forensics Laboratory were from passerines, particularly ground-foraging species. Based on Forensics Laboratory and USFWS field data, oil pits currently cause the deaths of 500,000–1 million birds per year. Although law enforcement and industry efforts have produced genuine progress on this issue, oil pits remain a significant source of mortality for birds in the United States.     

Community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated to Veronica rechingeri at the Anguran zinc and lead mining region

Root colonization and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were analyzed in Veronica rechingeri growing in heavy metal (HM) and non-polluted soils of the Anguran Zn and Pb mining region (Iran). Three species could be separated morphologically, while phylogenetic analyses after PCR amplification of the ITS region followed by RFLP and sequencing revealed seven different AMF sequence types all within the genus Glomus. Rarefaction analysis confirmed exhaustive molecular characterization of the AMF diversity present within root samples. Increasing heavy metal contamination between the sites studied was accompanied by a decrease in AMF spore numbers, mycorrhizal colonization parameters and the number of AMF sequence types colonizing the roots. Some AMF sequence types were only found at sites with the highest and lowest soil HM contents, respectively.     

从微生物指标中看我国肉类食品安全状况

从食品微生物指标：菌落总数、大肠菌群和致病菌三项入手,对我国肉类食品的微生物指标检测情况及其产品质量进行分析。在我国政府的有力监管下,肉类食品产品质量与安全有了大幅度提高。由此展望,21世纪,绿色肉类产品由于其健康、质量、安全、方便将成为消费主流和今后的发展趋势。     

生物质能发展现状及前景分析

生物质能源作为惟一可再生、可替代化石能源转化成气态、液态和固态燃料以及其它化工原料或者产品的碳资源,随着化石能源的枯竭和人类对全球性环境问题的关注,其替代化石能源利用的研究和开发,已成为科学研究和社会关注的热点。本文对生物质能的资源分类和利用方式进行了分析和研究,提出了生物质能在中国的发展现状、存在的瓶颈以及前景和方向。