上海市闵行区居民低碳生活现状调查及启示

文章从居民对低碳经济概念认知、低碳生活行为状况及参与低碳社会建设的意愿等三方面展开调查,以全面反映闵行区居民的低碳生活现状。应用spss软件对调查问卷进行了统计和多元相关分析。研究表明,居民低碳经济概念认知状况良好,主要受文化程度影响;参与低碳社会建设的积极性较高;但低碳生活行为的实践状况一般,年龄及文化程度对居民低碳生活行为的解释能力分别为22.4%和17.9%。低碳人群多属于"被动低碳",年轻人、文化程度较高及高收入者为低碳宣传的重点人群。     

福建省饮用水水源地环境现状及保护对策研究

文章通过对福建省不同类型集中式饮用水源地基本状况和水质现状进行分析,同时分析了饮用水源地工业污染点源、城镇生活污染源和非点源污染现状,针对污染现状分析了水质超标原因和存在的问题,最后提出不同类型饮用水源地保护对策,建议在湖库型水源地保护区及附近区域,建设"生态修复、生态治理、河岸缓冲带建设"三道防线,河流型水源地从加强内河整治力度、合理布局排污口、加强车辆运输管理、合理开发水利水电工程等方面出发,建设生态保护体系。     

Endogenous growth,asymmetric trade and resource dependence

The aggregate income of oil-exporting countries relative to that of oil-poor countries has been remarkably constant in recent decades, despite the existence of structural gaps in productivity growth rates. This stylized fact is rationalized in an endogenous growth model of asymmetric trade where resource-poor and resource-rich economies display productivity differences but stable income shares due to terms-of-trade dynamics. The model yields two testable predictions that deserve empirical scrutiny: (i) the asymmetric impact, between exporters and importers, of national taxes on resource use on income shares and (ii) the inverse relation between terms-of-trade dynamics and total factor productivity growth.     

Extirpation of Macroalgae (Sargassum spp.) on the Subtropical East Australian Coast

Abstract: Populations of large brown algae of the Laminariales and Fucales (Phaeophyta) have declined or been extirpated from many locations on temperate coasts worldwide. We conducted field surveys and a literature review, and examined herbarium specimens, through which we discovered previously unreported extirpations of large brown algal species from a tropical and subtropical coastline. Sargassum amaliae, S. aquifolium, S. carpophyllum, S. polycystum, and S. spinifex were common habitat‐forming macroalgae that supported diverse assemblages of invertebrates and smaller algae before urbanization began in 1970 along the 45‐km length of Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. Causes of these extirpations are not known, but are consistent with losses of other large brown algal species from coastal areas undergoing urbanization or eutrophication. Sargassum spp. do not have the characteristics thought to protect marine species from extinction (large geographical ranges, occurrence on many different substrata, long‐distance dispersal). Some local Sargassum spp. are endemic to eastern Australia. Abundance of Sargassum is limited by suitable substrata on the sandy southern Queensland coast (370 km). These substrata are 12 rocky headlands separated by long (5–105 km) sandy beaches. Most multicellular propagules (the only motile stage in Sargassum) settle within 1–3 m of parental thalli, which restricts long‐distance dispersal needed to maintain connectivity among populations and to recolonize areas of the headlands from which populations have been extirpated. Local Sargassum spp. could be categorized as data deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but the IUCN vulnerable category is more accurate given extirpations, limited habitat, and the lack of connectivity among populations.     

Status Assessment of New Zealand's Naturally Uncommon Ecosystems

Abstract: Globally, ecosystems are under increasing anthropogenic pressure; thus, many are at risk of elimination. This situation has led the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to propose a quantitative approach to ecosystem‐risk assessment. However, there is a need for their proposed criteria to be evaluated through practical examples spanning a diverse range of ecosystems and scales. We applied the IUCN's ecosystem red‐list criteria, which are based on changes in extent of ecosystems and reductions in ecosystem processes, to New Zealand's 72 naturally uncommon ecosystems. We aimed to test the applicability of the proposed criteria to ecosystems that are naturally uncommon (i.e., those that would naturally occur over a small area in the absence of human activity) and to provide information on the probability of ecosystem elimination so that conservation priorities might be set. We also tested the hypothesis that naturally uncommon ecosystems classified as threatened on the basis of IUCN Red List criteria contain more threatened plant species than those classified as nonthreatened. We identified 18 critically endangered, 17 endangered, and 10 vulnerable ecosystems. We estimated that naturally uncommon ecosystems contained 145 (85%) of mainland New Zealand's taxonomically distinct nationally critical, nationally endangered, and nationally vulnerable plant species, 66 (46%) of which were endemic to naturally uncommon ecosystems. We estimated there was a greater number of threatened plant species (per unit area) in critically endangered ecosystems than in ecosystems classified as nonthreatened. With their high levels of endemism and rapid and relatively well‐documented history of anthropogenic change, New Zealand's naturally uncommon ecosystems provide an excellent case‐study for the ongoing development of international criteria for threatened ecosystems. We suggest that interactions and synergies among decline in area, decline in function, and the scale of application of the criteria be used to improve the IUCN criteria for threatened ecosystems.     

水介质中C_（60）纳米晶体颗粒的扩散状态对其光化学反应活性的影响研究

研究了阳离子表面活性剂CTAB,阴离子表面活性剂SDS和非离子表面活性剂TX-100和TX-405对水介质中C60纳米晶体颗粒的光化学反应活性诱导效应.结果表明,在阳离子表面活性剂CTAB、阴离子表面活性剂SDS和非离子表面活性剂TX-405中,C60纳米晶体颗粒没有显示明显的光化学反应活性,而非离子表面活性剂TX-1...     

能源消费与温室气体排放的国际比较

与发达国家及世界平均水平相比,我国的能源利用效率一直不高。通过对目前发展较快的新兴经济体和发达经济体的能耗指标和温室气体排放指标的国际比较,判断了我国能源效率的水平与节能潜力,分析了我国能耗高污染重的原因,明确了改善方向。     

Science or Slaughter: Need for Lethal Sampling of Sharks

Abstract: General consensus among scientists, commercial interests, and the public regarding the status of shark populations is leading to an increasing need for the scientific community to provide information to help guide effective management and conservation actions. Experience from other marine vertebrate taxa suggests that public, political, and media pressures will play an increasingly important part in setting research, management, and conservation priorities. We examined the potential implications of nonscientific influences on shark research. In particular, we considered whether lethal research sampling of sharks is justified. Although lethal sampling comes at a cost to a population, especially for threatened species, the conservation benefits from well‐designed studies provide essential data that cannot be collected currently in any other way. Methods that enable nonlethal collection of life‐history data on sharks are being developed (e.g., use of blood samples to detect maturity), but in the near future they will not provide widespread or significant benefits. Development of these techniques needs to continue, as does the way in which scientists coordinate their use of material collected during lethal sampling. For almost half of the known shark species there are insufficient data to determine their population status; thus, there is an ongoing need for further collection of scientific data to ensure all shark populations have a future. Shark populations will benefit most when decisions about the use of lethal sampling are made on the basis of scientific evidence that is free from individual, political, public, and media pressures.     

曲靖市固体废弃物现状及“十二五”期间综合利用重点探讨

通过对曲靖市固体废弃物产生、综合利用及处理处置现状按类别、区域和行业进行分析，探讨了“十二五”期间曲靖市固体废弃物综合利用、处理处置的重点类别、重点区域和重点行业。     

SAFE—The Special Non-invasive Advances in Fetal and Neonatal Evaluation Network: aims and achievements

In this short review, the objectives and work of SAFE—the Special Non-invasive Advances in Fetal and Neonatal Evaluation Network, a European Union Framework VI network of excellence is described. We demonstrate how this network facilitates the implementation of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for single gene disorders, fetal rhesus typing, aneuploidy and pregnancy complications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.