Comparing earthquake insurance programmes: how would Japan and California have fared after the 2010–11 earthquakes in New Zealand?

Earthquakes are insured in high-risk high-income countries only if the public sector is involved. Prototypical examples are the insurance schemes in California (United States), Japan, and New Zealand, but each is structured differently. This paper examines these variations using a concrete case study: the sequence of earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2010–11—the most heavily insured seismic event in history. It assesses what would have been the outcome had the Christchurch insurance system been different, focusing on the California Earthquake Authority (CEA) programme and Japan Earthquake Reinsurance (JER). Overall, the aggregate cost of the earthquake to the New Zealand public insurer (Earthquake Commission) was USD 6.2 billion. If a similar-sized disaster had occurred in Japan and California, homeowners would have received around USD 1.6 billion and USD 0.7 billion, respectively. This paper describes the distributive and spatial patterns of these scenarios and discusses some key policy questions that emerge from this comparison.     

旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入关系实证分析——以安徽省17地市为例

在构建旅游资源竞争力评价指标体系的基础上,运用位序得分法对安徽省17个地市的旅游资源竞争力进行了评价,同时借助两轴折线图、散点图及拟合曲线等工具对17个地市旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入关系进行了实证分析。结果表明,安徽省绝大多数地市旅游业发展仍依赖于旅游资源;少数地市旅游资源竞争力与旅游收入出现偏离,成为非旅游资源依赖性城市。从资源属性来看,综合类旅游资源与旅游收入的相关性最大,其次为自然类旅游资源,人文类的相关性最小。     

Identification of various laccases induced by anthracene and contribution to its degradation in a Mediterranean coastal pine litter

Mediterranean coastal ecosystems are known to be highly subject to natural and anthropic environmental stress. In this study, we examine the effects of anthracene as a common pollutant on the total microbial communities from a Pinus halepensis litter of a typical Mediterranean coastal site (Les Calanques, Marseille). The main objective was to identify the microbial factors leading the resilience of this ecosystem. Two questions were addressed: (i) how lignin-degrading enzymes (Laccase, Lignin-peroxidase and Mn-peroxidase) are affected by the presence of this molecule, (ii) whether the indigenous consortia are involved in its degradation in mesocosms under favorable incubation conditions (25 °C, 60% WHC) and after different time intervals (1 and 3 month(s)). We found a strong increase in laccase production in the presence of anthracene after 3 months, together with anthracene degradation (28% ± 5). Moreover 9,10-anthraquinone is detected as the product of anthracene oxidation after 3 months. However neither lignin-peroxidase activity nor Mn-peroxidase activity is detected. Laccase proteins directly extracted from litter were sequenced via Nano-LC-MS/MS and reveal twelve different peptide sequences induced by the presence of anthracene in the mesocoms. Our study confirms the major detoxification role of this enzymatic system and highlights the high degradation potential of fungal species inhabiting P. halepensis litter, a factor in the resilience of Mediterranean ecosystems.     

Fetal akinesia/hypokinesia sequence: Prenatal diagnosis and intra-familial variability

Intrauterine fetal movement plays a key role in normal embryonic and fetal development (Moessinger, 1983). When movement is absent or decreased, abnormal development takes place which can be appreciated in newborns and/or fetuses with the fetal akinesia/ hypokinesia sequence. This sequence is caused by a number of heterogeneous entities which result in decreased fetal movements by the action of intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Prenatal diagnosis of the akinesia/hypokinesia sequence may be possible during the second trimester through the use of real-time ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal movement. We report a family with three consecutive affected pregnancies in which the prenatal presentation of this sequence varied. Based on the phenotypic findings of the three affected fetuses, we believe that although they superficially resemble those features found in the New–Laxova syndrome, they are probably affected with a distinctly different lethal form of akinesia/ hypokinesia transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion.     

Oligohydramnios sequence in a live-born infant following chorionic villus sampling

We describe an infant born at 29 weeks' gestation with oligohydramnios sequence due to amniotic fluid leakage following chorionic villus sampling at 12 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first such report.     

时数分离残差模型及在尾矿坝渗流预测中的应用

对于非等时序列的时数分离可以建立模型，但这种模型误差分析较困难。本文在残差GM(1，1)模型的基础上，建立了时数分离残差模型，对误差进行修正。应用这种模型分析了德兴铜矿1#尾矿坝的渗流趋势，结果表明，模型能够大大提高预测精度，满足工程预测的需要。     

斜板(管)上流式厌氧污泥床工艺研究

主要阐述了斜板（管）上流式厌氧污泥床工艺（简称ＵＡＳＢ／ＩＴＳ工艺）的特点、与其他厌氧消化工艺的区别、以及国内外的研究现状     

黄芪根瘤菌CA8561和JL84的部分16S rRNA基因序列的测定

报导了黄芪根瘤菌ＣＡ８５６１和ＪＬ８４的部分１６Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因序列，测算了它们与已知根瘤菌、茎瘤菌各属模式种之间的遗传距离。结果表明，ＣＡ８５６１和ＪＬ８４均具有独立的进化路线，充分显示了黄芪根瘤菌的遗传多样性。     

一种新去整合素Adinbitor的表达、序列分析及其对C6神经胶质瘤细胞凋亡的诱导

Adinbitor为一通过基因工程方法获得的来自于中国白眉蝮蛇毒腺的去整合素家族的新成员 .从蝮蛇毒腺中提取总RNA进行RT -PCR扩增 ,获得了 2 19bp的白眉蝮蛇去整合素基因 .cDNA测序及由此推导的氨基酸序列结果显示 ,Adinbitor为含有 73个氨基酸的多肽 ,其中包括 12个半胱氨酸 ,并具有去整合素的特征模序 -RGD .对此去整合素基因进行克隆、转化与诱导后 ,得到了该蛋白的可溶性高效表达 .经组氨酸亲和层析纯化 ,获得了分子量Mr为 9×10 3 的均质融合蛋白 ,并将其命名为adinbitor.序列分析表明 ,adinbitor与已发表于GENBANK上的整合素序列有很高的同源性 ,其中同源性最高的是南韩的saxatilin ,二者的蛋白质同源性高达 91.78% .活性测定结果表明 ,Adinbitor能有效地诱导神经胶质瘤细胞C6的细胞凋亡 ,有希望成为一种抗癌新药 .图 5参 15     

扑草净降解菌降解特性、降解基因保守序列的扩增及同源性分析

从受污染农田中分离到一株补草净降解菌FR，经鉴定属于假单胞菌，考察了温度及pH对其降解能力的影响，确定pH7.0,32℃为最适作用条件；设计引物，通过PCR扩增到一条长度约为500bp的降解基因保守片段，通过对该片段部分序列测定及同源性搜索，证实该片段与atzA,triA等均三嗪化合物水解酶基因具有很高的同源性。