The influence of introducing soft-shelled turtle on soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in paddy field北大核心CSCD

Soil microorganisms are an important part of the soil ecosystem, but studies on the structure of the soil bacterial community, especially the related genes, is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the structure of soil microorganisms and the connection between the soil microorganisms and different farming systems. We used the Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx to compare root soil bacteria (nifH gene) diversity characteristics between the rice-turtle co-culture system (R-T) and rice monoculture system (R-M), aiming to reveal the structural characteristics of soil microorganisms, and the connection between the soil microorganisms and different farming systems. The results of High Throughput Sequencing of nitrogen-fixing bacteria showed that the main nitrogen-fixing bacteria were classified as Bradyrhizobium, Geobacter, Anaeromyxobacter, Desulfovibrio, Sideroxydans, Desulfuromonas, Halorhodospira, Azotobacter, Desulfobulbus, Methylomonas, Pseudacidovorax, and Azospirillum. The diversity index of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root soil of R-T was higher than that of R-M, which was 6.85-0.07. The difference of soil nitrogen-fixation bacteria in the root soil of rice paddy was 23.86% among the different farming systems, and the difference in the different rice growth period was 16.97%. In summary, the rice growth period and different farming systems both have an influence on the nitrogen-fixation bacteria in paddy soil; the influence of the growth period on the nitrogen-fixation bacteria in the paddy soil was greater. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

4200快速气体分析仪在环境应急监测中的应用

根据应急监测的要求以及4200快速气体分析仪的特点，重点研究了仪器在应急监测使用中应注意的问题。     

湖库沉积物好氧反硝化菌群脱氮特性及种群结构

好氧反硝化菌是水环境生物修复的热点研究领域,本研究从西安市金盆水库、兴庆公园和长乐公园采集沉积物,在运用传统的间歇曝气富集和选择培养基筛选好氧反硝化菌的基础上,引入超声波预处理沉积物-水悬液,成功筛选出3组高效好氧反硝化菌群H-30、X-10和C-30,并对其反硝化能力进行研究.结果表明,该3组混合好氧反硝化菌群具有高效的脱氮能力,在溶解氧为(7.2±0.6)mg·L-1的培养基中,好氧反硝化菌群H-30、X-10和C-30总氮(TN)去除率分别达到83.04%,83.40%和82.68%,仅有少量亚硝氮(NO-2-N)积累.Illumina高通量DNA测序结果表明,3组nir S型好氧反硝化优势混合菌群种群结构差异显著,H-30,X-10和C-30菌群的优势菌种分别是枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),Paracoccus pantotrophus和斯氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri),其中斯氏假单胞菌(P.stutzeri)在H-30、X-10菌群中所占比例差异不显著,Pseudomonas xiamenensis仅存在于H-30.本研究筛选的3组高效好氧反硝化菌群将为城市内湖污染水体的微生物修复工程提供菌源保障.     

植被恢复的岩溶湿地沉积物细菌群落结构和多样性分析

为研究岩溶地区湿地生态系统的细菌群落在植被恢复过程中的结构和多样性以及环境因子对其产生的影响,以桂林会仙岩溶湿地沉积物中提取的总DNA为模板,采用Illumina HiSeq 2500高通量测序技术,对细菌16S rDNA V4、V5区进行测序并分析,共得到有效序列711 403条,序列平均长度为372.34 bp,聚类产生5 952个OTU（Operational Taxonomic Unit）.结果表明,研究区沉积物具有较高的细菌多样性,包含70个门,150个纲,195个目,325个科,446个属.其中,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）是优势类群,占比为18.33%~44.16%,并以β-变形菌纲（Betaproteobacteria）、γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）及δ-变形菌纲（Deltaproteobacteria）为主要组成部分,这些类群中包含了硫杆菌属（Thiobacillus）和脱硫酸盐橡菌属（Desulfatiglans）等参与硫元素循环的菌群,推测对湿地沉积物中的硫循环有着重要作用;同时,属水平上存在大量（37.85%~84.67%）未分类（Unclassified）细菌类群.在会仙岩溶湿地水质及沉积物化学指标中,与细菌群落相关性较大的是ρ（NO₃--N）、ρ（NO₂--N）、ρ（TP）和ρ（TN）等水质指标.研究显示,桂林会仙岩溶湿地细菌具有很高的多样性,沉积物中蕴藏了许多潜在新物种;并且,水质指标对沉积物细菌群落结构及多样性的影响较大,说明人为因素对于会仙岩溶湿地微生物群落结构的影响较为显著.      

Long-term agricultural contamination shaped diversity response of sediment microbiome

The pollution caused by agricultural production poses a threat to the ecological integrity of river ecosystems, altering the structure and function of river ecosystems. Differences in microbial community structure provide useful information about the impact of agricultural pollution on the biological integrity of ecosystems, but generally convey little information regarding ecosystem functions. In this study, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology based on the 16S rRNA gene, river sediment samples associated with four different types of agricultural pollution were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the total organic carbon (TOC) content was highest at the YZS site (animal husbandry sewage) among the assayed sites, but the species richness and uniformity were lowest at this site, which may have been caused by the high nutrient source of the sewage. Furthermore, in the three YZS samples affected by the long-term discharge of aquaculture tail-water, the unique genus Dechloromonas and the genus Candidatus-Competitor were observed, which are strongly correlated with phosphorus conversion. The formation of network modules may correspond to the coexistence of functional bacteria accustomed to multiple niche combinations under different agricultural pollution conditions in river sediments. According to the PICRUSt functional prediction, the bacterial community in the agricultural polluted river sediment primarily harbored 46 subfunctions, exhibiting richness of functions. Overall, our results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the structure and ecological processes associated with the aggregation of bacterial communities, which is beneficial for the management of river environments.     

地表水自动监测站高锰酸盐指数在线监测仪测定误差原因分析及解决办法

从仪器量程及温度、加热时间、溶液的酸度、校准试剂选择等实验条件方面对引起我国地表水自动监测站的高锰酸盐指数在线监测仪测定误差的原因进行了分析。由于高锰酸盐指数是一个条件性指标,实验条件对测定结果的影响较大,在线监测仪必须严格控制实验条件,其测定结果与手工方法才具有可比性。对仪器实验条件进行优化选择,对于保证高锰酸盐指数在线监测仪测定结果的准确性,更好地发挥水质自动站的预警监视作用有一定的指导意义。     

连续流动分析法测定废水中的总氮

本文初步探讨了连续流动分析法测定废水中总氮的方法。通过将测量量程扩大至20mg/L,对混浊的废水进行过滤处理,实验结果表明,该方法的相关系数达0．9999,方法检出限为0．02mg/L,加标回收率在99．5％-108％之间,RSD为0．2％-0．6％,可适用于废水中总氮的分析。     

西安市典型景观水体水质及反硝化细菌种群结构

选取西安市区6个典型景观水体作为研究对象,在分析景观水体水质指标的基础上,运用Illumina高通量测序技术对景观水体中的nirS型反硝化细菌种群结构和多样性进行诊断,以期探明景观微污染水体水质与反硝化细菌种群结构多样性的偶联机制.结果表明,丰庆公园和劳动公园水体属于劣V类水,而曲江池、木塔寺生态遗址公园、新纪元公园水体符合V类水质标准,永阳公园水体符合Ⅳ类水标准.总氮从1.21~6.50 mg·L~(-1)(P0.05),永阳公园水体总氮最低,丰庆公园最高.劳动公园水体总磷含量最高,为0.10 mg·L~(-1),曲江池总磷最低,为0.02 mg·L~(-1)(P0.05).劳动公园水体氨氮为曲江池和丰庆公园的4.44倍(P0.01).Illumina高通量测序结果表明6个景观水体中nirS型反硝化细菌优势种属差异显著,副球菌属(Paracoccus sp.)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、红长命菌属(Rubrivivax sp.)为优势菌群.主成分分析(PCA)表明来自新纪元公园和木塔寺公园水体的nirS型反硝化细菌种群结构主要受水体NH_4~+-N和高锰酸盐指数含量的调控,而NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N、TN、TP和DO对劳动公园和丰庆公园水体的nirS型反硝化细菌的种群结构影响显著;水体pH对永阳公园的nir S型反硝化细菌的种群结构影响显著.结果表明,西安市典型景观水体nir S型反硝化细菌的种群结构受不同水质指标的综合调控.     

秦岭红桦林土壤细菌群落剖面分布特征及其影响因素

研究秦岭辛家山林区红桦林细菌群落在土壤剖面上的分布状况,对评估土壤细菌在森林生态系统土壤肥力调节、碳氮循环等作用至关重要.采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对土壤细菌16S r DNA V3~V4可变区进行测序,结合相关生物信息学分析,初步探讨了红桦林0~10、10~20、20~40和40~60 cm这4个土壤层细菌群落丰富度、多样性指数和细菌群落组成及丰度变化.结果表明,在红桦林土壤剖面上,OTUs、Chao1指数、Shannon指数均在0~10 cm处达到最大值,分别为1 688、2 314、8.66,土层间差异不显著.4个土壤层的优势菌门均为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria),主要的优势菌属为Gp4、Gp6和Gp16.优势菌门的相对丰度在土层间并不相同,0~10 cm土壤层具有较高的变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其相对丰度为23.62%,而40~60 cm具有较高的酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),相对丰度为62.88%.酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)与全氮、土壤有机碳、C/N、可溶性有机碳显著相关,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)与土壤含水量、土壤有机碳、可溶性有机碳显著相关.经RDA分析证明,影响秦岭红桦林土壤剖面细菌群落分布的主要土壤因素是可溶性有机碳.这些研究结果表明在秦岭红桦林土壤4个土层均有较高的细菌多样性,为进一步认识森林土壤细菌多样性奠定了理论基础,在研究森林生态系统土壤剖面养分循环过程时应予以考虑.     

堆肥-生物强化对重度石油污染土壤的修复作用

为解决微生物强化修复油污土壤过程中降解菌在低温环境下活性较低的问题,利用有机堆肥作为固体培养基对降解菌进行扩大培养,将获得的降解菌-堆肥制剂施入油污土壤中进行修复研究.利用重量法和GC-MS分析土壤中石油烃含量变化,利用Illumina Mi Seq对土壤微生物群落结构进行分析.结果表明,利用堆肥作为固体基质可对降解菌进行扩大培养.低温环境下利用堆肥-降解菌制剂对油污土壤修复30 d,土壤中石油烃、烷烃、多环芳烃去除率分别为27.0%、19.6%、10.0%;自然放置的土壤中3种烃去除率分别为4.5%、9.5%、2.3%.加入降解菌-堆肥制剂进行修复的土壤香农指数和Ace指数分别由4.42和1718.5增加为5.30和2170.5;土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)所占丰度由53.4%和25.9%分别降低至48.9%和14.1%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)所占丰度由5.0%增加至24.5%.属水平上,不动细菌属(Acinetobacter)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)所占丰度由0.02%和3.4%分别提高至15.2%和4.6%.研究结果表明,在低温条件下向石油污染土壤中施入降解菌-堆肥制剂可提高土壤中的石油烃去除率,并使土壤微生物群落结构发生明显变化.