民勤绿洲退耕地土壤微生物群落结构与功能多样性特征

为明确退耕阶段对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响,选取3个不同退耕阶段的荒漠绿洲区土壤为研究对象,通过宏基因组测序技术来研究不同阶段退耕地中土壤微生物群落的结构和功能多样性特征.结果表明,3个阶段退耕地土壤中放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）的相对丰度存在显著差异,为优势菌门.与退耕前期相比,退耕修复后期增加了群体感应、卟啉与叶绿素代谢、泛酸盐和辅酶A生物合成以及苯乙烯降解的功能基因比例,且相对丰度存在显著差异（P<0.05）,表明不同退耕阶段改变了土壤微生物群落营养循环与能量代谢的功能潜力.RDA结果表明电导率（EC）、速效钾（AK）和全氮（TN）对土壤微生物功能组成具有显著影响,其中EC对微生物功能组成的影响最大.不同退耕阶段对土壤微生物群落结构和功能组成多样性具有显著影响,在民勤绿洲退耕地生态修复中,微生物群落结构和功能组成对不同阶段的土壤修复敏感性可综合相关指标进行考虑.     

两相厌氧-SBR工艺在浆粕废水处理工程中的应用

浆粕废水组分较为复杂 ,废水治理具有一定的技术难度 ,采用两相厌氧、间歇式活性污泥法和物化处理组合工艺取得了较好的效果。生产运行表明 :两相厌氧工艺和SBR池对CODCr、BOD5的去除效率分别达到 6 7%～ 78%、4 0 %和82 %～ 87%、6 5 %。根据水质和水量的变化情况 ,及时调整其操作参数可使废水处理系统维持良好的运行状态     

Linking microbial community composition to farming pattern in selenium-enriched region: Potential role of microorganisms on Se geochemistry

Selenium（Se） is an essential micronutrient for lives. Indigenous microbial communities play an important role on Se geochemistry in soils. In this study, the microbial community composition and functions of 53 soil samples were investigated using high-throughput sequencing. Samples were divided into 3 groups with different farming types based on the measured geochemical parameters and microbial functional structures. Results indicated that putative Se related bacteria Bacillus, Dyella, Paenibaci...     

A new strategy for obtaining highly concentrated phosphorus recovery solution in biofilm phosphorus recovery process

Recovery of phosphorus（P） from wastewater is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of P resources. At present, the P recovery process is faced with the problem of excessive organic carbon consumption when obtaining a P-concentrated recovery solution. This study proposed a new strategy to obtain a more highly concentrated P recovery solution with minimal carbon consumption by strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm. A biofilm sequencing batch reactor（BSBR） process was mod...     

An approach for restoration of the water quality with emphasis on the removal of organochlorine pesticides and eutrophic conditions in tropical rivers

This work deals with an approach for the water quality restoration with emphasis on the removal of organochlorine pesticides and eutrophic conditions in tropical rivers, causing influence on the management of the central-regional aqueduct, as a source of water supply for human consumption (4 million people) and industrial production in the states of Carabobo, Cojedes and Aragua, Venezuela, testing the phytoremediation techniques through Vetiveria zizanioides (VZ) species and coupled bioreactors, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) followed by an Upflow Anaerobic Filter in Three Separate Stages (UAF-3SS). Five rivers are involved known as Chirgua, Paito Guacara, Ereigüe, and Tucutunemo, whose waters have been classified as hypereutrophic, and containing organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). As a sample, for Tucutunemo River, OCPs included to DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and its isomers and DRINs (Aldrin, Endrin and Dieldrin) dissolved in water and sorbed on sediments, which were measured during the dry and rainy seasons in the period 2013 to 2016, in three monitoring stations distributed in a reach of 15 km. The results indicated that p.p′-DDT concentration dissolved in water was increased up to 10 times from rainy to dry seasons, indicating that a permanent use of it is being carried out by farmers in the agricultural activity development. Steady concentrations of the DTT isomers (e.g., p.p′-DDD and p.p′-DDE) and Aldrin isomers (e.g., Dieldrin) demonstrated that the anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation processes occurred along the river and between climatic seasons. At experimental scale, VZ hydroponic system developed over a period of 6 months for the removal of nutrients demonstrated moderately low to high removal efficiencies. With respect coupled bioreactors, each bioreactor has been experimentally tested, demonstrating satisfactory performance in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal from industrial wastewater containing recalcitrant and inhibitory substances (46%–98%), which was estimated in the influent ranging from 3500 to 5500 mg/L, evidencing that coupling of bioreactors might lead to a effluent COD complying with environmental regulations.     

光合细菌对味精废水处理效果的影响研究

在改进型SBR(MSBR)反应器中利用光合细菌处理味精废水.研究光合细菌的两种代谢方式对味精废水COD的去除率影响和从味精废水生物处理反应器活性污泥和生物膜中富集分离光合细菌,结合光合细菌的细胞结构特点和代谢方式讨论其对活性污泥絮凝性能的影响.研究结果表明:黑暗系统中,处理味精废水活性污泥絮凝性能较光照系统中的活性污泥絮凝性能相对有较大的提高;黑暗条件下,光合细菌被强制进行有氧呼吸代谢方式,这样可以提高味精废水生物处理构筑物的有机物降解速率,出水COD优于光照好氧条件下的,出水比较清亮,有机物的去除率也有所提高.     

On-Line Adaptive and Nonlinear Process Monitoring of a Pilot-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor

This article describes the application of on-line nonlinear monitoring of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Three-way batch data of SBR are unfolded batch-wisely, and then a adaptive and nonlinear multivariate monitoring method is used to capture the nonlinear characteristics of normal batches. The approach is successfully applied to an 80 L SBR for biological wastewater treatment, where the SBR poses an interesting challenge in view of process monitoring since it is characterized by nonstationary, batchwise, multistage, and nonlinear dynamics. In on-line batch monitoring, the developed adaptive and nonlinear process monitoring method can effectively capture the nonlinear relationship among process variables of a biological process in a SBR. The results of this pilot-scale SBR monitoring system using simple on-line measurements clearly demonstrated that the adaptive and nonlinear monitoring technique showed lower false alarm rate and physically meaningful, that is, robust monitoring results.     

Biodegradation of carbofuran in sequencing batch reactor augmented with immobilised Burkholderia cepacia PCL3 on corncob

The performance of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) augmented with immobilised Burkholderia cepacia PCL3 on corncob for biodegradation of carbofuran in basal salt medium (BSM) was studied. A 2.0-L SBR with a working volume of 1.5 L was operated for a total cycle of 48 h, consisting of 1.0 h fill phase, 46 h react phase and 1.0 h decant phase. The initial pH of the feed medium was 7.0. Air was fed into the reactor at a controlled flow rate of 600 mL·min ^?1. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) (14 to 6 days) on carbofuran-degradation efficiency was investigated at a carbofuran concentration in the feed medium of 20 mg·L ^?1. The shortest HRT resulting in complete degradation of carbofuran was 8 days. At 75% of the optimum HRT (6 days), the effects of biostimulation using organic amendments, i.e. molasses, cassava pulp, rice bran and spent yeast, and the effect of carbofuran concentration in the feed medium (20–80 mg·L ^?1) were investigated. The optimum conditions for SBRs were an initial carbofuran concentration of 40 mg·L ^?1 and 0.1 g·L ^?1 of rice bran as a biostimulated amendment. Complete degradation of carbofuran with a first-order kinetic constant (k ₁) of 0.044 h^?1 was achieved under these optimum conditions.     

Viral metagenomics: a new and complementary tool for environmental quality assessment

Metagenomic sequencing of nucleic acids from environmental or other complex samples can be successfully used as a powerful tool for environmental quality assessment. Being a culture-independent approach, it does not rely on the presence or absence of specific organisms or genes, and can even identify novel organisms. When focused on viruses, metagenomics can help to shed light on their involvement in ecosystem functioning, due to their dependence on their hosts and their ability to respond quickly to environmental changes. Moreover, viral metagenomics can show the impact of contamination on different natural ecosystems, highlighting putative sources and potential pathogens.     

黄河三角洲土壤古菌群落结构对盐生植被演替的响应

采用高通量测序技术,探究黄河三角洲光板地和4种典型盐生植被类型（翅碱蓬、獐茅、白茅和罗布麻）下土壤古菌群落组成和数量分布特征,揭示其对盐生植被演替的响应.结果表明,植被覆盖有利于降低土壤盐化程度、增加土壤营养物质含量,土壤速效磷随盐生植被在光板地-重盐土壤（翅碱蓬、獐茅）-轻盐土壤（白茅、罗布麻）中的正向演替有不断升高的趋势.5种覆被类型下土壤古菌在种群组成上差异明显,无植被覆盖的光板地具有最高的古菌群落多样性和丰富度,广古菌门为优势菌群.土壤古菌群落结构与盐生植被演替顺序不具有严格的一致性：当植被处于相同演替阶段时,土壤古菌群落结构不具明显的相似性;在不同演替阶段时,土壤古菌群落结构也未均表现出更大的差异性.随着盐生植被正向演替,土壤温度、电导率（含盐量）对土壤古菌群落结构多样性起促进作用,土壤全氮、碱解氮、有机质起抑制作用.