An Index to Measure Depreciation in Air Quality in Some Coal Mining Areas of Korba Industrial Belt of Chhattisgarh, India

The comparison with National Ambient Air Quality Standards does not always depict a true pic-ture of the Air Quality Status of a study area. As an alternative an index that measures depreciation in Air Quality on more realistic terms has been proposed and applied to the ambient air monitoring data collected from some areas of Korba Coalfields in India. Results have been discussed in detail to illustrate the applica-tion of the proposed index and utility in bringing out more realistic air quality assessment.     

浅谈室内空气污染

本文阐述了室内空气污染物的来源与危害,并提出消除和减少室内空气污染的措施。     

空气自动化监测系统质量控制图的改进

阐述了使用空气自动化监测系统质量控制图时存在的问题,给出了质控图绘制的改进方法.实例证明,改进的质控图可以根据仪器漂移情况确定仪器的校准周期;确定调节限时,根据仪器间的差异,降低仪器的调节限,可使测定结果准确可靠.     

Development and application of a laboratory flux measurement system (LFMS) for the investigation of the kinetics of mercury emissions from soils

Recent measurements at different locations suggest that the emission of mercury from soils may play a more pronounced role in the global mercury cycle as suggested by global emission inventories and global mercury cycling models. For up scaling and modelling of mercury emissions from soils a comprehensive assessment of the processes controlling the emission of mercury from soils is imperative. We have developed a laboratory flux measurement system (LFMS) to study the effect of major environmental variables on the emission of mercury under controlled conditions. We have investigated the effects of turbulent mixing, soil temperature and solar radiation on the emission of mercury from soils. The emission of mercury from soils is constant over time under constant experimental conditions. The response of the mercury emission flux to variations of the atmospheric transfer parameters such as turbulence requires a rapid adjustment of the equilibrium that controls the Hg(o) concentration in the soil air. It has been shown that the light-induced flux is independent of the soil temperature and shows a strong spectral response to UV-B.     

Taking Environmental Action: The Role of Local Composition, Context, and Collective

This article explores individual and community action taken in response to perceived environmental risks by investigating the determinants of environmental action across a range of action types. A conceptual framework is first presented, which provides a foundation for investigating the role of local compositional (i.e., individual characteristics), contextual (i.e., neighborhood environment), and collective (i.e., social networks) factors in environmental action. To test the utility of the conceptual framework, a quantitative survey was administered to a random sample of households (n = 512) in Hamilton, Canada. The results suggest that the predictors of environmental action vary by action type (i.e., personal change, individual civic action, and cooperative civic action), and that factors related to perceived environmental exposure and social capital generally play a stronger, more consistent role in civic environmental action than sociodemographic or neighborhood factors. The results underscore the role of social connection in responses to perceived environmental risks.     

浅谈室内装修污染及其防治

介绍了室内装修污染现状,分析了室内装修环境主要污染物的类型、危害及来源,并探讨了室内装修污染的原因,同时提出了防治室内装修环境污染、改善环境质量的几点防治对策.     

人工神经网络法在大气污染预报中的应用

以鞍山市为例,应用人工神经网络方法,模拟人脑的思维方式,建立了大气污染物浓度的神经网络预报模型,并将计算结果与监测值进行了对比验证,计算结果表明,BP模型应用于大气污染物浓度预报具有较高的预报精度。     

底泥疏浚对五里湖沉积物生物毒性的影响

为评价疏浚对太湖五里湖沉积物毒性的影响,采用淡水沉积物重金属质量基准和发光细菌试验法对疏浚前后太湖五里湖沉积物的生态毒性风险进行了分析.结果显示,疏浚后,尽管沉积物中Cu和Zn的总体含量降低至毒性效应低值(TEL/TEC)以下,Cr、Pb和Ni等重金属的总体含量降低至毒性效应最高值(PEL/PEC)以下,但沉积物提取液对发光菌的毒性却显著增加,且在疏浚后1个月时毒性最大,其EC25和EC50最小,分别仅为0.51%和9.16%.这表明,疏浚尽管可有效减少沉积物中重金属污染物总体含量,但并不能完全消除沉积物的生态毒性风险;相反,还有可能导致其生态毒性的风险性进一步增加.     

隧道路面沥青摊铺过程空气中TSP和多环芳烃污染研究

分析了隧道沥青摊铺过程环境空气中的TSP及多环芳烃质量浓度。TSP用膜法,中流量采样器采样15 min,重量法分析;超声波萃取,高效液相色法分析多环芳烃。结果表明,摊铺机周围空气中TSP超过8 mg/m3,道路空气中TSP超过3 mg/m3;环境空气中苊烯等12种多环芳烃均有检出,苊烯和艹屈质量浓度较高,苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽质量浓度较低。苯并[a]蒽、苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽超标,对人体健康危害较大。建议加强相关行业PAHs的排放水平及其健康风险研究,制定相关限值标准和沥青摊铺过程环境空气的沥青烟监测方法标准。     

江苏省空气质量预报与实测结果比对研究

选取2015年1—8月江苏地区NAQPMS、CMAQ、CAMx、WRF-Chem 4个模式预报结果与实测值进行比对分析,结果表明,标准化分数偏差(MFB)为-0.066 5~0.201 1,标准化分数误差(MFE)最大值为0.381 8,均在理想范围内,其中CAMx预报效果相对较好,WRF-Chem有一定误差。4个模式相比,NAQPMS对于PM_(10)的模拟性能较好,各模式对PM_(2.5)模拟性能相近,CMAQ和CAMx对O_3模拟较好,WRF-Chem对CO模拟较好,各模式对SO_2和NO_2的模拟都需进一步优化。