钢铁行业不同物料的二英生成分布及机理探讨

钢铁行业是我国二噁英的第一大排放源,但对不同钢铁生产过程二英的生成排放认识有所欠缺.本文系统探究了钢铁行业不同物料的二噁英生成能力和同系物分布特征.结果表明,烧结飞灰的二英生成能力最强,而烧结生料生成二噁英能力最弱.3种污泥(连铸、热轧、冷轧)和烧结生料的二英生成途径相似,4种飞灰(电炉、转炉、高炉一次、高炉二次)之间也有相似的二英生成途径,而烧结飞灰则与其他物料均不同.所有物料中,有毒2,3,7,8-PCDD同系物之间存在极强的相关性,且氯酚合成二噁英路径也被发现存在于钢铁生产过程中.     

基于唐南渗析原理阳离子交换膜对Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Zn~(2+)去除能力的研究

基于唐南渗析原理,采用阳离子交换膜去除原水中Cu2+、Mn2+、Zn2+等重金属离子,研究影响阳离子交换膜去除各重金属离子能力大小的机制以及2种重金属离子共存时互相干扰的机制.结果表明,阳离子交换膜可有效去除原水中Cu2+、Mn2+、Zn2+等重金属离子,去除率为75%～85%;在浓度相同下且重金属离子带相同电荷数时,其水化离子半径越小,离子扩散速度就越快,阳离子交换膜对其去除能力就越强;当重金属水化离子半径基本相同时,膜对原子序数小的重金属离子的去除能力更强;相同浓度且相同电荷数的重金属离子共存时,各离子同步被去除,但各离子之间存在干扰,越易于被离子交换的离子与其它离子共存时,其竞争能力越强,使其他离子的去除率降低越多;当待去除离子的总浓度远低于膜的交换容量时,离子共存时各离子的去除率相比离子单独存在时各离子的去除率下降幅度不大.     

荣钢节水减排集成技术研究与实践

针对钢铁企业耗水量大、供水资源匮乏等问题,以荣钢集团为研究实体,调查其用水分布与工序,进行水量平衡测试及基础数据的统计,在分析荣钢水资源利用状况基础上,优化水资源配置,研究钢铁行业节水减排集成技术与实施措施,通过一水多用、串级使用、加强节水控污、建立多水源处理再生系统等方法,节约了水资源,提高了水资源的利用率,使企业节水减排取得较好的成效。     

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

Early stage toxicity of excess copper to photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa–OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis

Acute toxicity of excess Cu on the photosynthetic performance of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was examined by using chlorophyll a fluorescence transients and JIP-test after exposure to elevated Cu concentrations for a short time period. High Cu concentration resulted in a significant suppression in photosynthesis and respiration. The absorption flux (ABS/RC) per PSII reaction center increased with increasing Cu concentration, but the electron transport flux (ET₀/RC) decreased. Excess Cu had an insignificant effect on the trapping flux (TR₀/RC). The decline in the efficiency, with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than Q_A−(Ψ₀), the maximal quantum yield of primary photochemistry (?_P0), and the quantum yield of electron transport (?_E0) were also observed. The amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section (RC/CS) was also in consistency with the change of photosynthesis when cells were exposed to excess Cu concentration. JIP-test parameters had a good linear relationship with photosynthetic O₂ evolution. These results suggested that the decrease of photosynthesis in exposure to excess Cu may be a result of the inactivation of PSII reaction centers and the inhibition of electron transport in the acceptor side.     

奥氏体不锈钢紧固件电偶腐蚀原因分析与防护

介绍了奥氏体不锈钢紧固件受湿热环境腐蚀的典型案例,在对304不锈钢与LY12铝合金接触界面上的电偶腐蚀进行失效分析的基础上,进一步讨论了奥氏体不锈钢活化-钝化腐蚀的损伤机理,并提出几种针对性的防护措施。试验表明,存在EMF差的金属连接件经过表面处理后,具有理想的抗腐蚀性能。     

基于工艺创新的钢铁工业发展研究

中国钢铁工业是目前内部矛盾十分突出的行业,面临着产能过剩、产品转型和产业升级等一系列复杂问题。本文从钢铁工业突出的流程化特点入手,在借鉴世界先进国家钢铁工业发展经验的基础上,依据可持续发展观,提出中国钢铁工业生产工艺的改进和创新思路,力争以此为突破口来推进钢铁工业改革,也为钢铁工业技术研发、资金投放和项目选择提供有益的参考。     

中国废钢铁产业的投资前景看好

国际金融危机给我国废钢铁市场带来影响,同时也为我国废钢铁产业的调整和发展带来新的机遇和挑战。针对我国废钢铁市场的需求空间、废钢铁加工处理技术和装备水平的提升以及废钢铁产业发展的投资环境等问题进行分析和阐述,为我国废钢铁产业投资市场的发展提供决策依据。     

我国废钢铁加工设备生产使用现状及前景展望

对我国2009年粗钢产量及废钢铁加工供应情况进行概述和预测,介绍了我国废钢铁加工设备的生产规模、使用状况及研发现状,以及我国废钢铁加工设备的种类及其性能。展望了我国废钢铁加工设备的前景,指出质优价廉、适合中国国情、具有环保功能的废钢铁加工设备市场发展空间巨大。     

A comparative investigation of NdSrCu_(1-x) Co_x O_(4-δ) and Sm_(1.8) Ce_(0.2) Cu_(1-x) Co_x O_(4-δ) (x:0–0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ with oxygen vacancies and T -structured Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ (x: 0–0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-programmed desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level, the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 1-x Co x O 4-δ increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO 3.702 catalyst showing the best efficiency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr -1 , and 600–900°C, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO 3.702 NdSrCu 0.8 Co 0.2 O 3.736 NdSrCu 0.6 Co 0.4 O 3.789 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 0.6 Co 0.4 O 4.187 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 Cu 0.8 Co 0.2 O 4.104 Sm 1.8 Ce 0.2 CuO 4.045 , in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu 3+ /Cu 2+ redox ability of NdSrCu 1-x Co x O 4-δ account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.