适合我国环境数据的元数据管理系统的设计与开发

通过元数据整合和管理现有环境数据是环境信息共享的重要内容。在对元数据的组织结构及我国环境数据内容、特点分析的基础上，对元数据管理系统的模块、流程、编码规则、核心数据库设计等进行了详细论述，并进行了实际开发。系统的应用有利于我国环境信息共享工作的进一步深入。     

假单胞菌No.66降解氯乙酸的研究

本文介绍从水稻土分离得一株可利用单氯乙酸和二氯乙酸作唯一碳源的假单胞菌No.66。该菌在二氯乙酸或单氯乙酸基质上生长时,会释放氯离子,并能使二氯乙酸为碳源的基质之pH值由7降至5以下。No.66菌适宜生长的氯乙酸浓度为0.4—0.5％,适宜脱氯的pH为6.0。所产生的脱氯酶与碳源种类有关。粗脱氯酶液在4℃进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(10.5％)电泳呈现一条酶活力带,该酶不仅能使单氯乙酸和二氯乙酸脱氯,而且也能使三氯乙酸脱氯。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NILE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL FORECAST SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is developing a river forecast system for the Nile River in Egypt. The river forecast system operates on scientific work stations using hydrometeorological models and software to predict inflows into the high Aswan Dam and forecast flow hydrographs at selected gaging locations above the dam The Nile Forecasting System (NFS) utilizes satellite imagery from the METEOSAT satellite as the input to the forecast system. Satellite imagery is used to estimate precipitation over the Blue Nile Basin using five different techniques. Observed precipitation data and climatic statistics are used to improve precipitation estimation. Precipitation data for grid locations are input to a distributed water balance model, a hill slope routing model, and a channel routing model. A customized Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed to show political boundaries, rivers, terrain elevation, and gaging network. The GIS was used to develop hydrologic parameters for the basin and is used for multiple display features.     

MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS OF WATER-USE DATA USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM1

ASSTRACT: As part of its mission, the U.S. Geological Survey conducts water-resources research. Site-specific and aggregate water-use data are used in the Survey's National Water-Use Information Program and in various hydrologic investigations. Both types of activities have specific requirements in terms of water-use data access, analysis, and display. In Kansas, the Survey obtains water-use information from several sources. Trpically, this information is in a format that is not readily usable by the Survey. Geographic information system (GIS) technology is being used to restructure the available water-use data into a format that allows users to readily access and summarize site-specific water-use data by source (i.e., surface or ground water), type of use, and user-defined area.     

鲁西北棉花雹灾损失监测信息系统研究

鲁西北是我国最主要的产棉区,但棉花生长受雹灾影响频繁,致使棉花产量和质量下降,甚至局部绝产.本文对建立棉花雹灾损失监测信息系统的技术方法进行了探讨,包括棉花分布遥感调查、雹灾径迹雷达监测、数据库建立和棉花雹灾损失分析等,并给出了应用实例.     

Risk management of terrorist attacks in the transport of hazardous materials using dynamic geoevents

This paper focuses attention on emergency management associated with a terrorist attack in the transport of hazardous materials in urban areas. The case study is in an urban area, a potential target for terrorist attacks due to its high vulnerability. Since it is not possible to predict where and when an attack will occur, the risk associated with terrorism is complex. It is only possible to identify the critical points for potential actions where counter measure must be applied. In the case of incidents which evolve relatively slowly, mitigation actions can be applied. The use of dynamic geoevents permits the immediate location of the event on a georeferenced map and the possibility of having a dynamic evolution of the scenario and of the number of people involved. The dynamic scenario has been created using the output of a consequence simulation code and a GIS software. Some assumptions were necessary but, since the aim of the paper is to define the procedure for the construction of the dynamic geoevent, these can be considered acceptable. The method will be further implemented in future.     

复合诱变原生质体选育重金属去除菌

选用紫外线和亚硝酸对产朊假丝酵母CR-001进行单因子和多因子诱变处理,通过复合诱变得到了6株具有高重金属抗性的高效重金属去除菌.经过传代后CRC2811-1和CRC7-2的抑菌圈直径减至1.7mm和1.2mm;对Cr⁶⁺的去除率分别从80.2%和81.2%提高到了95.2%和94.7%.其余4株突变株的抗性和除铬性能均可保持稳定.此外,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和原子力显微镜等仪器对吸附铬前后细胞内外的变化情况进行分析,探讨了突变菌株除铬性能改善的机理.     

唐鱼卵黄蛋白原的诱导、纯化与鉴定

为探讨利用雄性唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)卵黄蛋白原(Vitellogenin,Vtg)作为生物标志物检测环境雌激素的可行性,采用浸浴法用50μg·L-117β-雌二醇(E2)对雄性唐鱼进行染毒,30d后将鱼体整体匀浆进行常规聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Native-PAGE)以分析Vtg的产生;并采用Mg2+-EDTA选择性沉淀和Q Sepharose阴离子交换层析对Vtg进行分离纯化.结果表明,E2诱导下,雄性唐鱼产生了雌性特异蛋白Vtg,并且可在体内积累;利用Mg2+-EDTA选择性沉淀和Q Sepharose阴离子交换层析的两步纯化方法可分离纯化唐鱼整体匀浆Vtg;经Native-PAGE鉴定,确定唐鱼Vtg的分子量为440kDa.以上结果提示,雄性唐鱼Vtg可以作为环境雌激素监测的有效生物学标记物。     

Ecological network analysis for water use systems—A case study of the Yellow River Basin

Ecological network analysis (ENA) is introduced in this paper as a promising approach to study water use systems. Information indices from ENA involving total system throughput (TST), ascendency and overhead are calculated here. Two related aspects including organization inherent in system structures and synthesized water use intensity related with sustainable development of water use systems are analyzed. The indices of ascendency and overhead are applied for analyzing and characterizing water use network organization. For comparison of sustainability of water use systems from integrated aspects of environment, society and economy and based on TST, a new indicator termed as total system throughput intensity (TSTI) is constructed incorporating parameters of land, precipitation, population, GDP and environmental flow, which can be used as a measure of sustainability in terms of synthesized water use intensity. The Yellow River Basin in China during 1998–2006 is chosen as the case study and divided into subsystems according to the six river sections as from source to Lanzhou (S1-L1), Lanzhou to Toudaoguai (L1-T), Toudaoguai to Longmen (T-L2), Longmen to Sanmenxia (L2-S2), Sanmenxia to Huayuankou (S2-H) and Huayuankou to the mouth of Bo Sea (H-B). The results show that (i) the organization levels of L1-T and H-B are better than those of S1-L1 and T-L2, with those of L2-S2 and S2-H the worst; (ii) the synthesized water use intensity has been improving, of which T-L2, L2-S2 and S2-H are at the highest levels while H-B the lowest. In addition, the comparison between TSTI and other metrics and the relationship between ascendency and TSTI are discussed, from which the importance of TSTI is reflected and the optimization criterions for sustainable development of six subsystems are derived. It can be concluded that the application of ENA in water use systems can provide new angles for water resource management to address the challenges of assessing and optimizing options to obtain more sustainable water use.     

基于MapInfo的松嫩盆地水资源开发管理信息系统

以松嫩盆地水资源开发利用现状为基础 ,以GIS软件 (地理信息系统 )MapInfoProfessional作为开发平台 ,设计和建立了松嫩盆地水资源开发管理信息系统。该系统的建立对松嫩盆地水资源开发管理状况和相关信息的查询、检索提供了方便 ,同时对松嫩盆地水资源的合理开发利用及其管理决策提供了科学依据。