Levels of community participation and satisfaction with decentralized wildlife management in Idodi-Pawaga Wildlife Management Area,Tanzania

Participatory approaches to conservation are viewed as a plausible alternative to the old ‘fortress conservation’ approach. The design and implementation of these approaches in developing countries have tended to embrace community participation through decentralized governance mechanisms in the past three decades. However, sustainable conservation approaches that maintain community livelihoods while conserving biodiversity are challenged with meeting both objectives. In addressing this challenge, little attention has been given to an empirical analysis of community’s satisfaction levels on how they participated in the design and implementation of this approach. In this article, we use a mixed method approach using both quantitative and qualitative data to examine levels of satisfaction and participation of local communities in the Idodi-Pawaga Wildlife Management Area (WMA), south-western Tanzania. We find that social economic factors (e.g. age, household size, gender, number of years living in the same location and participation/non-participation) influence, in different ways, the satisfaction levels of community’s participation towards the WMA creation. Due to inadequate participation, we find that the WMA design and implementation process failed from the beginning to actively involve the local communities and this has resulted in the near absence of the promised economic benefits from wildlife conservation. We suggest that participation should go beyond the simple information sharing to actively engage the local communities in key planning activities from the beginning of any WMA programme. It is also important to take into consideration their levels of satisfaction with the process of decision-making if meaningful decentralized governance is to be achieved.     

Living with disasters: social capital for disaster governance

This paper explores how social networks and bonds within and across organisations shape disaster operations and strategies. Local government disaster training exercises serve as a window through which to view these relations, and ‘social capital’ is used as an analytic for making sense of the human relations at the core of disaster management operations. These elements help to expose and substantiate the often intangible relations that compose the culture that exists, and that is shaped by preparations for disasters. The study reveals how this social capital has been generated through personal interactions, which are shared among disaster managers across different organisations and across ‘levels’ within those organisations. Recognition of these ‘group resources’ has significant implications for disaster management in which conducive social relations have become paramount. The paper concludes that socio‐cultural relations, as well as a people‐centred approach to preparations, appear to be effective means of readying for, and ultimately responding to, disasters.     

新时代环境社会治理体系的构建和创新——中国环境科学学会环境社会治理专委会2020年年会综述

环境社会治理是现代环境治理体系和治理能力中的重要组成部分,但同时也是突出短板。2020年11月13日,环境社会治理专委会2020年年会成功召开,多位专家学者从多种角度围绕“新时代环境社会治理体系的构建和创新”进行了分享与讨论,对推动环境社会治理工作带来启示:一是环境社会治理是调整环境治理主体和客体之间关系的一系列制度手段,需要在新时代背景下完成从“物理”到“人文”的转变,体现平等参与的价值观。二是在转型期社会力量博弈变迁的背景下,环境问题须通过社会力量解决,并配套相应的环境社会治理新策略和手段,提高治理效率、降低治理成本。三是坚持系统性思维,以目的为导向、理清治理主体和客体作用,协调布局环境社会治理的制度安排,以环境社会治理核心要素、重点关注内容为抓手,构建环境社会治理体系。面对当前深刻变化的内外部环境,有必要进一步重点加强环境与社会相互关系与影响研究、环境社会风险防范体系研究、全民行动体系研究、关键理论和技术创新研究等内容。     

司法的流域性——兼论我国长江经济带司法协同治理

推动长江经济带发展是中共中央作出的重大决策,是关系国家发展全局的重要战略。法治是长江经济带实现高质量发展的根本保障。2021年3月1日,我国第一部流域法律《长江保护法》正式施行。长江流域司法协同治理是实现《长江保护法》提出的统筹协调、系统保护机制的重要保障。当前,我国长江经济带司法治理呈现碎片化特征,流域生态系统在司法保护尺度内尚未统一。本文基于对司法空间属性的理论分析,结合美国流域司法治理相关案例的考察,提出从空间协同性和专业协同性两个角度构建我国长江司法协同治理机制。     

环境污染责任保险地方试点政策创新与实践研究

本文在环境污染责任保险试点调研和数据分析的基础上,总结了近年来环境污染责任保险政策的实践发展趋势,发现环境污染责任保险政策具有趋于强制、投保范围明确且趋同、产品性价比提升、保险市场受政策影响波动大的显著特点,地方试点实践中面临缺少环境风险定价方案、事故预防难开展、政府部门权责不清及数据信息共享缺乏的现实困境;同时在分析环境污染责任保险贵州新一轮试点对环境污染责任保险试点困境的实践突破基础上,总结统一条款、统一风险定价、统一投承保平台的"贵州模式"。基于以上分析本文提出如下建议:进一步明确环境污染责任保险强制的上位法依据,建立全国统一的环境污染强制责任保险管理制度;根据环境风险形成全过程理论,采用"两步走"方式,平衡科学性与成本关系,建立保前风险评估—保后隐患排查标准体系;建立国家—省级—地市多层级多主体环境污染责任保险治理信息化平台。     

社会组织参与下的职业健康治理模式分析与研究

针对现阶段政府监管主导下的职业健康治理模式存在的不足,从社会组织的角色定位、社会组织参与下的职业健康治理体系构成与运行机制等方面提出建议,并以目前多个地方现行的社会组织参与下的职业健康治理实践工作为例,对相关治理模式进行分析与总结,本文所提出的社会组织参与下的治理模式可以为各级政府和企业进一步提高相关职业健康治理水平提供参考和借鉴。     

面向中医理论的安全系统比较与隐患治理思辨

为了给企业的隐患治理及安全管理提出全新且符合国情的系统治理方案,提出基于传统中医理论理解的系统隐患治理范式.首先,基于中医理论分析了生产系统与人体系统之间的内在关联,首次提出了生产系统结构要素、功能要素和要素流的关系.通过分析系统安全管理与中医诊治之间本质联系,从管理对象和方法角度阐述结合中医诊治原理的必要性;从整体观...     

Polycentric and resilient perspectives for governing the commons: Strategic and law and economics insights for sustainable development

Commons governance theory is central to identifying and managing conflicts arising from natural and cultural resources traps. Scholars – using game theory and economic analysis of law – have proposed alternative models, consisting of a set of mitigated scenarios, multiple players, and new equilibria in commons governance. Likewise, novel legal innovations of the commons have also been designed. Reinterpreting the commons in light of political economy, ecology, and pluralistic approaches, a critical review of existing scholarship, economic analysis of law, and case study investigations are performed. Examining an array of views – including governance of water in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Italy – a research and policy agenda is put forward to offer original interpretations and novel holistic perspectives. Germane environmental policy implications deriving from SDGs, resilient governance, and polycentric perspectives are thus extrapolated. Finally, pluralistic frameworks drafted by mitigation and adaptation are measured by improved sustainable development performance in commons, resource, and water governance.     

公众个体如何参与环境治理？——路径选择及优化策略

公众个体是环境治理的重要主体之一,但缺乏参与路径与信息、参与形式单一等是公众参与程度偏低的重要原因。因此,研究公众参与路径与模式选择对丰富治理理论及提升公众参与效果具有重要意义。本文基于治理理论的三种研究观点及社会治理主体视角,将公众参与路径划分为政府维度的行政力量主导型、社会维度的第三部门力量主导型、基层自治力量主导型、传播和宣传力量主导型,以及自身力量主导型等五种路径;并从环境治理体系和参与路径网络中各主体的角色定位出发,进一步优化路径选择,提出线上及线下结合的赋权型参与策略,以期提高公众个体参与的主动性和有效性,促进治理理论的本土化发展。     

涪陵区南沱镇环境保护现状及治理建议研究

南沱镇位于涪陵和丰都交界处,人口密度大,产业污染严重,环保设施薄弱,治理难度大。污染源目前主要受养殖业废物、工业废水、农业面源污染、生活垃圾和农业焚烧等影响。养殖业废物、工业废水和农业面源污染是最重要的几个污染源。在治理上目前主要是采取“无臭”治理的方式,治理设施缺乏科学规划,治理流于形式。养殖和工业污染任意妄为,农业焚烧污染治理缺乏真正意义。文章针对以上现状提出了相应的治理建议：环境治理离不开行政职能的作用,科学制定环保规章制度,加强环境污染惩治力度,制定科学合理的措施把环境保护工作落到实处．加大环保投入。