邻苯二甲酸二丁酯影响阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆能力的分子机制研究

为探究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)影响阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠学习记忆能力的分子机制,将56只SPF级5～6周龄雌性Wistar大鼠随机平均分为7组:阴性对照组、0.25 mg·kg-1·d-1 DBP 组、2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 DBP 组、25 mg·kg-1·d-1 DBP 组、250 mg·kg-1·d-...     

Evolution of tolerance to PCBs and susceptibility to a bacterial pathogen (Vibrio harveyi) in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from New Bedford (MA, USA) harbor

A population of the non-migratory estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish) resident to New Bedford (NB), Massachusetts, USA, an urban harbor highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), demonstrates recently evolved tolerance to some aspects of PCB toxicity. PCB toxicology, ecological theory, and some precedence supported expectations of increased susceptibility to pathogens in NB killifish. However, laboratory bacterial challenges of the marine pathogen Vibrio harveyi to wild fish throughout the reproductive season and to their mature laboratory-raised progeny demonstrated comparable survival by NB and reference killifish, and improved survival by NB males. These results are inconsistent with hypothesized trade-offs of adaptation, and suggest that evolved tolerance in NB killifish may include mechanisms that minimize the immunosuppressive effects of PCBs. Compensatory strategies of populations persisting in highly contaminated environments provide a unique perspective for understanding the long-term ecological effects of toxic chemicals.     

1株耐油甲醛降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

烹饪油烟的健康危害一直以来受到广泛关注.以甲醛为代表的醛类污染物是烹饪油烟排放的主要污染物之一.微生物法降解甲醛具有工艺简单、成本低及无污染等优点.本研究从烹饪油烟冷凝液中分离筛选出1株具有甲醛降解能力的菌株XF-1,经序列鉴定结合菌落形态特征及生理生化试验,该菌株被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens sp.).该菌株具有能耐受高油环境的性能,最大耐受浓度为900 g·L^-1.在甲醛浓度为100 mg·L^-1的培养基中,菌株XF-1在34 h内的甲醛降解率为95.80%;当甲醛初始浓度<300 mg·L^-1时,菌株XF-1能够在120 h以内完全降解溶液中的甲醛;甲醛浓度为800mg·L^-1时,在96 h,菌株XF-1的降解率达到73.01%,并可耐受1.5 g·L^-1浓度的甲醛.通过单因素(p H、接种量、甲醛浓度和温度)试验,得到该菌株最佳生长温度为30℃、最佳生长pH为6左右,最佳接种量为10%.利用GC-TOF-MS进一步分...     

人体需要经常补硒

从硒的生物学作用和防治疾病等方面剖析了硒与人体健康的关系；从元素地球化学、生物地球化学和化学地理等方面探讨了我国缺硒区的形成、分布和等级的划分；从环境地球化学物质场和元素生物地球化学营养链等方面．阐明了作物、禽畜和人体缺硒的原因、危害及其人体补硒的途径和方法，提出了在缺硒区运用元素生物地球化学营养链营养结构模式的原理、和技术方法，从土壤中获取富硒有机食品，供居民食用，是进行食物补硒、提高人体摄硒量、提高人体免疫功能和防治缺硒病症的根本措施。     

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of Toriello–Carey syndrome

Toriello–Carey syndrome is a rare malformative complex, described for the first time in 1988, characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, facial anomalies, cardiac defects and hypotonia. Relatively few neonatal cases have been reported. We describe here the first prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of the syndrome based on the detection of agenesis of the corpus callosum and spongious cardiomyopathy in a 22-week-old fetus of a couple with positive family history. The first sib of the couple was diagnosed with Toriello–Carey syndrome at 1 year of age, and had, in addition to the typical facial anomalies not detectable by ultrasound, agenesis of the corpus callosum and the same heart lesion (spongious cardiomyopathy). This report demonstrates that prenatal diagnosis of Toriello–Carey syndrome is feasible in the second trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Driving disability and dizziness

PROBLEM: People with dizziness caused by vestibular (i.e., inner ear) disorders complain of difficulty driving. Physicians occasionally warn their patients with vestibular disorders not to drive. Few studies have asked patients about their driving performance, so little data are available. METHOD: Using the Driving Habits Questionnaire, the authors did structured interviews with people with several different vestibular disorders and with normal subjects. The self-reported crash rate and rate of citations for moving violations did not differ between the subject groups. RESULTS: Patients report reduced driving skills, particularly in situations when visual information is reduced, rapid head movements are used, and specific path integration or spatial navigation skills are needed.     

基于灰色GM(1,1)-马尔科夫模型的职业病预测研究

为准确预测量化我国职业病的发病趋势,在灰色GM(1,1)模型的基础上结合马尔科夫过程构建灰色GM(1,1)-马尔科夫预测模型,探讨灰色GM(1,1)-马尔科夫模型在职业病预测领域的应用。通过平均相对误差、后验差比值、小误差概率3个指标对该组合模型的预测精度进行评估。结果表明:10维灰色GM(1,1)-马尔科夫模型与原始数列的拟合程度较高,预测精度等级为一级（好）,该组合模型的预测精度优于单一的灰色GM(1,1)预测模型;在遵循新陈代谢原理的情况下,我国职业病发病呈现上升态势,2015—2018年的职业病发病例数依次为31 196,36 284,37 724,39 147例。     

Enterobacter sp.CV-v对孔雀石绿的脱色特性及机理研究

采用单因素实验研究了各种操作因素对菌株Enterobacter sp.CV-v降解孔雀石绿的影响.结果表明,在供试碳源中,葡萄糖对脱色的促进效果最为显著,而供试氮源中,酵母粉对脱色的促进效果最优;同时,供试金属离子中,锰离子对脱色的促进效果最优.在p H=3.0~10.0、温度20~50℃之间时,菌株CV-v对孔雀石绿的12 h脱色率在90%以上.此外,该菌株可在6 h内完全脱色浓度低于500 mg·L-1的孔雀石绿.动力学实验结果表明,该菌株对孔雀石绿脱色的动力学数据与一级动力学模型拟合度最好(R2=0.9755).酶分析实验结果表明,锰过氧化物酶和孔雀石绿还原酶可能与菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿相关.此外,代谢产物分析实验结果表明,菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿的主要产物为二甲氨基二苯甲酮和4-羟基-N,N-二甲基苯铵.