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581.
为有效应对城市公共卫生危机,公共卫生系统韧性至关重要。以武汉新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控成功经验为例,运用扎根理论分析政府、社区、医疗机构、媒体、非政府组织在COVID-19疫情防控中的观念与行为,解析出反映系统韧性特征的疾病监测体系、防疫资源管理、合作治理能力等10个主范畴及对应的52个子范畴,由此将系统韧性细分为功能韧性、过程韧性和整体韧性。运用解释结构模型(ISM)构建提升公共卫生系统韧性的层次结构模型,揭示多元社会主体通过前述韧性要素集合:社会防疫基础、防疫科技与文化、疫情风险综合治理的层级递进应急准备,实现城市公共卫生系统韧性提升目标。 相似文献
582.
De Pippo T Donadio C Guida M Petrosino C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(3):184-191
Background, Aim and Scope Analysis of the morphological, geological and environmental characteristics of the Sarno River basin has shown the present
degraded condition of the area. Over the past thirty years, the supply of untreated effluent of domestic, agricultural and
industrial origin has ensured the presence of high concentrations of pollutants, including heavy metals. The geological context
of the catchment area has played a major part in determining the current ecological conditions and public health problems:
while human activity has modified the landscape, the natural order has indirectly contributed to increasing the environmental
impact.
Results and Discussion The health situation is precarious as the basin's inhabitants feed on agricultural and animal products, and use polluted
water directly or indirectly. The hazard of contracting degenerative illnesses of the digestive or respiratory apparatus,
bacterial infections or some neoplasia has gradually increased, especially in the last five years. Moreover, polluted basin
waters flowing into the Bay of Naples increase sea water contamination, thereby damaging tourism, public health and degrading
the local littoral quality.
Conclusion The overview presented shows how the environmental state of the Sarno River basin gives considerable cause for concern. The
basin's complex geomorphologic setting has a direct bearing on local environmental and health conditions. The analysis of
the available data demonstrates how the physical aspects of the area are closely linked to the diffusion and concentration
of the pollutants, and how the latter ones have a large influence on the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the local population.
Recommendation and Perspective Specific interventions need to be undertaken to monitor and improve the chemical, physical and microbiological conditions
of water and sediments, especially in light of the geomorphological vulnerability of the river basin. 相似文献
583.
584.
Gregory G. Turner Brent J. Sewall Michael R. Scafini Thomas M. Lilley Daniel Bitz Joseph S. Johnson 《Conservation biology》2022,36(2):e13803
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease that has caused precipitous declines in several North American bat species, creating an urgent need for conservation. We examined how microclimates and other characteristics of hibernacula have affected bat populations following WNS-associated declines and evaluated whether cooling of warm, little-used hibernacula could benefit bats. During the period following mass mortality (2013–2020), we conducted 191 winter surveys of 25 unmanipulated hibernacula and 6 manipulated hibernacula across Pennsylvania (USA). We joined these data with additional datasets on historical (pre-WNS) bat counts and on the spatial distribution of underground sites. We used generalized linear mixed models and model selection to identify factors affecting bat populations. Winter counts of Myotis lucifugus were higher and increased over time in colder hibernacula (those with midwinter temperatures of 3–6 °C) compared with warmer (7–11 °C) hibernacula. Counts of Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis leibii, and Myotis septentrionalis were likewise higher in colder hibernacula (temperature effects = –0.73 [SE 0.15], –0.51 [0.18], and –0.97 [0.28], respectively). Populations of M. lucifugus and M. septentrionalis increased most over time in hibernacula surrounded by more nearby sites, whereas Eptesicus fuscus counts remained high where they had been high before WNS onset (pre-WNS high count effect = 0.59 [0.22]). Winter counts of M. leibii were higher in hibernacula with high vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) (particularly over 0.1 kPa) compared with sites with lower VPDs (VPD effect = 15.3 [4.6]). Counts of M. lucifugus and E. fuscus also appeared higher where VPD was higher. In contrast, Perimyotis subflavus counts increased over time in relatively warm hibernacula and were unaffected by VPD. Where we manipulated hibernacula, we achieved cooling of on average 2.1 °C. At manipulated hibernacula, counts of M. lucifugus and P. subflavus increased over time (years since manipulation effect = 0.70 [0.28] and 0.51 [0.15], respectively). Further, there were more E. fuscus where cooling was greatest (temperature difference effect = –0.46 [SE 0.11]), and there was some evidence there were more P. subflavus in hibernacula sections that remained warm after manipulation. These data show bats are responding effectively to WNS through habitat selection. In M. lucifugus, M. septentrionalis, and possibly P. subflavus, this response is ongoing, with bats increasingly aggregating at suitable hibernacula, whereas E. fuscus remain in previously favored sites. Our results suggest that cooling warm sites receiving little use by bats is a viable strategy for combating WNS. 相似文献