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931.
《水污染防治行动计划》中明确提出了开展地下水污染修复试点工作,我国地下水污染的严重性正引起广泛关注,也面临着迫切的修复需求,因此启动地下水污染修复已经刻不容缓。文章介绍了发达国家的地下水污染修复经验,主要包括具备完善的法律制度、实施地下水污染源分类管理、形成完善的指南和规范。为应对我国地下水污染修复基础薄弱,落实水污染防治行动计划、全国地下水污染防治规划等国家政策需求,建立地下水污染分类管理体系,按照修复目标确定、修复方案筛选、修复工程设计、实施、监测和终止等规范程序要求开展工作,实施地下水污染修复示范工程,为全面推进地下水污染修复和改善地下水环境质量提供支撑。 相似文献
932.
为了推进环境治理体系建设和实现治理能力现代化,加大全国水环境保护工作开展的力度,国务院颁布了水污染防治纲领性文件《水污染防治行动计划》,其中第六条"严格环境执法监管"第十八款"加大执法力度"以十八届四中全会提出的"依法治国"及新《环保法》为基础,针对环境监管、加强执法等提出排污企业的"红黄牌"管理制度、逐级环境监督执法机制建设及严厉打击环境违法行为等具体措施,以铁腕治污,推进环境执法力度,全面打响水污染防治"攻坚战"。 相似文献
933.
介绍了目前国外发达国家农村污水处理设施运营管理机制、成熟经验及我国农村污水处理设施运营管理的现状和存在的问题,并结合沈阳市现有农村污水处理设施运行管理的实际情况,在运营模式、监管机制、经费筹措、绩效考核与政策支持等方面提出了一系列措施和建议,以期对沈阳市农村污水处理设施的长效运营起到积极的促进作用。 相似文献
934.
Municipal solid waste management is a major environmental issue in India. Due to rapid increase in urbanization, industrialization and population, the generation rate of municipal solid waste in Indian cities and towns is also increased. Mismanagement of municipal solid waste can cause adverse environmental impacts, public health risk and other socio-economic problem. This paper presents an overview of current status of solid waste management in India which can help the competent authorities responsible for municipal solid waste management and researchers to prepare more efficient plans. 相似文献
935.
针对环境监测管理信息平台的开发与应用,介绍了环境监测管理信息平台和开发,探讨了环境监测信息平台的主要功能,主要包括环境监测的人员管理、仪器设备管理、标准物质管理和质控管理,介绍了环境监测信息平台系统的特点,主要是环境监测的信息收集和利用、智能化预警机制、方便的信息查询,提出了环境监测平台实施中的探讨,如环境监测的前期设计和沟通、数据初始化和数据动态更新. 相似文献
936.
937.
《Chemosphere》2013,92(5):608-615
The essential oils from leaves of Schinus molle var. areira, Aloysia citriodora, Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris have showed potential as phytoinsecticides against the green stink bug, Nezara viridula. In this work were evaluated their toxicological and behavioral effects on the parasitoid Trissolcus basalis, a biological control agent of this pest insect. Essential oils were obtained via hydrodestillation from fresh leaves. Insecticide activity in T. basalis females was evaluated in direct contact and fumigation bioassays. Behavioral effects were evaluated in olfactometer bioassays. To evaluate the residual toxicity, females of the parasitoids were exposed to oil residues; in these insects, the sublethal effects were evaluated (potential parasitism and survivorship of immature stages). The essential oils from O. vulgare and T. vulgaris proved to be highly selective when used as fumigant and did not change parasitoid behavior. After one week, the residues of these oils were harmless and did not show sublethal effects against T. basalis. According with these results, essential oils have potential applications for the integrated management of N. viridula. 相似文献
938.
Chantal Gascuel-Odoux Florence Massa Patrick Durand Philippe Merot Olivier Troccaz Jacques Baudry Claudine Thenail 《Environmental management》2009,43(5):921-935
While many scientific studies show the influence of agricultural landscape patterns on water cycle and water quality, only
a few of these have proposed scientifically based and operational methods to improve water management. Territ’eau is a framework
developed to adapt agricultural landscapes to water quality protection, using components such as farmers’ fields, seminatural
areas, and human infrastructures, which can act as sources, sinks, or buffers on water quality. This framework allows us to
delimit active areas contributing to water quality, defined by the following three characteristics: (i) the dominant hydrological
processes and their flow pathways, (ii) the characteristics of each considered pollutant, and (iii) the main landscape features.
These areas are delineated by analyzing the flow connectivity from the stream to the croplands, by assessing the buffer functions
of seminatural areas according to their flow pathways. Hence, this framework allows us to identify functional seminatural
areas in terms of water quality and assess their limits and functions; it helps in proposing different approaches for changing
agricultural landscape, acting on agricultural practices or systems, and/or conserving or rebuilding seminatural areas in
controversial landscapes. Finally, it allows us to objectivize the functions of the landscape components, for adapting these
components to new environmental constraints. 相似文献
939.
940.
The spread of invasive alien species (IAS) has become an increasingly important environmental, social and economic issue in almost all regions of the world. To have the capacity to effectively counter the effects of invasions, besides basic research on invasion processes and the ecological impacts of IAS, there is a need to get an information and better understanding of the effectiveness of biological control and its social acceptability. Conservation practitioners are a particular group of stakeholders as they act in the first line to undertake control actions again IAS spread. Yet, not many research was done to deliver quantitative, comprehensive information on practitioners’ knowledge and attitudes towards IAS. In this paper, we present a study from Poland—a country with relatively well preserved nature, yet currently facing the problem of biological invasions in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. We investigated nature conservation practitioners’ knowledge of biological invasions, their views on the principles and methods of IAS control, and their degree of acceptance of control methods. We conducted a survey among people professionally involved in nature conservation in Poland and collected 916 questionnaires (out of 3330 sent). Overall, we find that conservation practitioners in Poland accept the use of radical methods of control, yet they differ about the use of various types of control method, and about the various control methods application to various systematic groups. Also, the level of practitioners’ knowledge is rather limited—both in relation to correct identification of IAS, as well as to knowledge on legal regulations. We also highlight significant differences between decision-makers and professionals not perceiving themselves as decisive over IAS management. We show examples suggesting that nature conservation practitioners may not hold well-formed opinions on the principles and methods of dealing with alien species. This is surely an important deficit to overcome to enhance the effectiveness of IAS control. 相似文献