Canadian insights: The challenges of an integrated environmental assessment framework

The paper draws results from a review of literature to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the integrated environmental assessment framework in Canada with respect to the inclusion of health impact assessment. Insights include the legislative nature, rigid structure and priority for the natural environment that may restrict progress and the pool of government agencies that need to be convinced of the benefits of health impact assessment that may provide a strong structure for compliance in the long term.     

论实行“以条为主,条块结合”的环境监测管理体制的必要性

从技术监督，网络建立，技术研究，执法程序及自身建设等方面论述了加强加强环境监测工作的首要措施是改革现行的环境监测管理模式，实行“以条为主，条块结合”的管理体制，即；人，财，物管理以条为主，党群活动以块为主，业务开展兼顾条块。     

Lake Elsinore disaster: The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

A case study of a flood which occurred at Lake Elsinore, California, February, 1980, focuses upon the assistance which the community received during both the flood and recovery periods. Relevant literature on disaster research is examined, including a model of disaster recovery, and the study places the events which occurred din Lake Elsinore within that recovery model. Implications for policy include the recommendation that decision-makers consider the pre-disaster growth of the community indecisions to support recovery assistance.     

影响铁路桥梁行车安全的因素——桥墩横向刚度问题的研究

随着我国既有线路的大规模提速 ,桥梁墩台横向刚度的合理限值问题日益突出 ,严重影响了行车安全 ,也给新建铁路桥梁设计提出了难题。笔者从问题的产生、车辆计算模型、桥梁计算模型、激励源等几个方面回顾了桥墩横向刚度问题的研究现状 ,指出了存在的问题 ,最后给出了目前的研究进展。     

Access数据库加密系统安全性剖析及改进策略

MSAccess是国内中小型企业的MIS广泛采用的数据库系统,它开发和维护都很方便,而且数据处理功能强大,是目前应用最为广泛地中小型数据库系统。但是由于其在加密方面设计欠周密,造成用户可以通过日期字段等方式对隐藏的密钥进行还原,使之成为该种数据库系统首要安全问题。笔者对其加密系统的漏洞和各种获取Access数据库密码的方式进行分析,提出一种通用的动态密钥空间加密技术改进和保护同类问题数据库系统。该技术具有密码保护的通用性和确保加密信息安全的特殊性;必定能为目前广大的MSAccess用户现存的数据安全问题的解决提供良好的思路和实施方法。同时它也给具有类似安全漏洞的大型数据库的加密体系的设计提供一个极好的新策略。     

Coastal Zone Problems and Environmental Strategies to be Implemented at Edremit Bay, Turkey

This case study examines the coastal zone problems focusing on the existing conflicts between tourism and commercial activities on the coasts of Edremit Bay, Turkey, and attempts to suggest solutions to these problems. Edremit Bay is a characteristic example of such a conflict in collective use of natural resources. The study area, with its 100-km-long sandy beach, naturally attracts different coastal user groups with different beneficial expectations: in terms of rest and recreation for one group and commercial gain offered in a variety of ways for another group. Significant coastal zone problems exist in the study area. Deterioration of shoreline due to tourism activities and illegal constructions, damage to the coastal ecosystem due to domestic/industrial wastewater discharges and some agricultural activities, and disordered urbanization are only a few of the many problems. The data presented here were partly derived from field study and partly collected from local state or private organizations. In this study, it is emphasized that there is a need for viable economic and environmental strategies to be designated in Edremit Bay, Turkey, in order to provide sustainable resource use. For this purpose, an integrated project together with a relevant planning chart including subprojects is also suggested. The success of a local environmental protection management project depends on active participation of all stakeholders including governmental organizations and nongovernmental organizations.     

企业一体化管理体系实施模式探讨

笔者依据ISO90 0 1、ISO14 0 0 1及OHSAS180 0 1标准 ,为企业进行质量、环境及职业安全健康管理体系整合并实现一体化管理提出了实施模式     

从提前调整费率论日本劳灾保险与劳灾预防相结合

如何建立工伤保险与工伤事故预防有机结合的机制 ,不仅是我国工伤保险制度改革的重要课题 ,也是日本工伤社会保险改革过程的重要内容之一。日本打破了每隔 3年对费率进行一次调整的惯例 ,从2 0 0 3年度开始 ,提前一年执行了平均被下调了 1‰的新的劳灾保险费率体系。笔者对此举动阐述了以下观点 :除从厚生劳动省说明的近年来劳灾事故大幅度减少及为减轻企业主的负担等原因外 ,还应从处理劳灾保险制度与劳灾事故预防工作的关系上分析提前调整费率的动机。即这个重要决策旨在强调劳灾保险与事故预防的有机结合、利用保险费率的经济杠杆作用 ,借“第 10个防止劳动灾害五年规划”启动之良机 ,全面提高劳动安全卫生管理水平。     

Environmental factors in Soviet interbasin water transfer policy

Over 60% of the USSRs river discharge crosses sparsely settled regions and flows into the Arctic Ocean, whereas the most densely settled and economically developed southern regions possess only 12% of surface flow. Consequently, the Soviets perceive an urgent need to redistribute water resources to avoid future shortages. The Soviet government is diligently pursuing development of schemes for the mass transfer of water from northern to southern drainage basins. Because of their grand scale, these could have major, pervasive, and long-term environmental impacts. Although environmental factors were given minimal attention in earlier designs for interbasin water transfers, present proposals are being subjected to thorough, careful, and thoughtful environmental evaluation. The Academy of Sciences and the Hydrometeorological Service as well as several national ministries have been assigned responsibility for evaluating the potential environmental ramifications of alternative schemes including formulation of systems of mathematical models for quantitative estimation of these effects. Indeed, a guiding principle for the development of an acceptable diversion system is that it be environmentally sound. This requires identification and estimation of the magnitude of significant adverse environmental impacts and, where possible, formulation of mitigative measures; reasonable economic-environmental tradeoffs; and a negligible potential for irreversible catastrophic environmental changes. It appears that environmental factors are of major importance in devising Soviet interbasin water transfer policy and that resolution of key environmental questions is to precede implemention of any large-scale water diversion scheme.This is a revised version of a paper delivered at the Ninth Annual Convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Washington, D.C., October 13–16, 1977. Environmental Management Vol. 2, No. 6 pp. 567–580     

The failure of success in fisheries management

Law of the Sea negotiations and The Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 create new options in fisheries management. Historical analysis of two major management programs in the United States of America, Columbia River chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), shows two unresolved management problems. One is the innovativeness of fishermen in seeking ways to improve their harvests. The other is changing social priorities that are largely unpredictable and outside the control of fisheries managers. A method for analysis of patterning associated with management goals is illustrated. Since the general management goals are harvest improvement and more predictability, measures are used which show the adequacy of fit and reduction in variability between actual and predicted management outcomes.