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151.
Biological Control of Water Hyacinth Under Conditions of Maintenance Management: Can Herbicides and Insects Be Integrated? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ted D. Center F. Allen Dray Jr. Greg P. Jubinsky Michael J. Grodowitz 《Environmental management》1999,23(2):241-256
Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi. We therefore sampled water hyacinth and weevil populations at 54 sites distributed statewide. Half were under maintenance
control, half were not treated with herbicides. General site conditions were assessed, demographic data were collected on
weevil and plant populations, the reproductive condition of the weevils was determined, and plant nutrient and proximate composition
of water hyacinth leaves were analyzed. Water hyacinth infestations under maintenance control were minimal when compared to
unmanaged sites. Likewise, on a population basis, all weevil cohorts were much lower due to the paucity of plants. Plants
at unmanaged sites, where weevil intensities were much higher, suffered high levels of stress and showed low growth potential.
Lower percentages of the female weevils were reproductive at unmanaged sites when compared to managed sites, so densities
of reproductives and immatures were similar at both site types. Reproductive status of the weevils improved with increased
plant quality. Plant quality, in turn, declined as stresses arising from weevil feeding increased. Plant quality was positively
correlated with plant growth potential and flower production. Thus, maintenance control improved plant nutritive quality thereby
inducing reproductive vigor of the weevils, but ensuring plant regrowth and the need for future control. This suggests that
biological and herbicidal controls should be integrated, using herbicides to maintain water hyacinth infestations below management
thresholds but in a manner that conserves biological control agent populations. This approach would lead to improved plant
nutritional quality that would, in turn, stimulate reproduction in biological control agent populations. 相似文献
152.
UASCB-SMBR处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了厌氧污泥复合床 (UASCB) 序批式膜生物反应器 (SMBR)串联工艺 ,处理垃圾渗滤液的工艺性能及影响因素 ,并与单纯的SMBR工艺进行了对比。试验结果表明 ,在进液COD浓度平均为 2 50 0mg/L ,NH+ 4-N平均浓度为 360mg/L ,厌氧反应器COD的负荷为 7~2 0kgCOD/m3·d ,SMBR负荷为 1~ 5kgCOD/m3·d,系统总水力停留时间为 1 4~ 2 8h时 ,该串联工艺COD去除率达到 92 %以上 ,NH+ 4-N的去除率在 80 %以上 相似文献
153.
154.
采用固相萃取–高效液相色谱/串联质谱法,分析上海市某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液中7种典型药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)的浓度水平,并考察该填埋场的渗滤液处理工艺对目标PPCPs的处理效果.结果表明,所建立的分析方法具备较好的回收率(89%~173%)、相对标准偏差(<20%)和方法检出限(0.025~1.0μg/L),能满足实际环境样品的分析需要.应用该方法检测到渗滤液中目标PPCPs的含量在低于检出限(90%,总去除率可达到97%以上,出水PPCPs浓度范围为 相似文献
155.
研究了外加电压下电化学A/O-MBR的污染物去除效果和抗污染性能,分析了抗污染性能提高的原因.结果显示,外加2V电压时系统对COD和总氮的平均去除率分别为89.4%、92.2%,不加电压时COD和总氮的去除率分别为87.6%、77.3%,表明外加电压能够显著提高A/O-MBR的脱氮处理效果;研究同时发现,外加2V电压时,导电膜的平均运行周期为38d,相比不加电压时(平均26d),运行周期有所延长.污染物与导电膜之间的静电排斥作用和H2O2的原位清洗作用是系统抗污染性能提升的主要原因. 相似文献
156.
Zheng LI Rong QI Wei AN Takashi MINO Tadashi SHOJI Willy VERSTRAETE Jian GU Shengtao LI Shiwei XU Min YANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(3):534
In this study, the performance of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a full-scale closed-loop bioreactor (oxidation ditch) system was simulated using the ASM2d model. Routine data describing the process for two years were compiled for calibration and validation. To overcome the identifiability problem, the classic Bayesian inference approach was utilized for parameter estimation. The calibrated model could describe the long-term trend of nutrient removal and short-term variations of the process performance, showing that the Bayesian method was a reliable and useful tool for the parameter estimation of the activated sludge models. The anoxic phosphate uptake by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) contributed 71.2% of the total Poly-P storage, which reveals the dominance of denitrifying phosphorus removal process under the oxygen limiting conditions. It was found that 58.7% of the anoxic Poly-P storage and denitrification by PAO in the reactor was achieved in the aerated compartment, implying that the PAO’s anoxic activity was significantly stimulated by the low dissolved oxygen (DO) level in this compartment due to the oxygen gradient caused by brush aerator. 相似文献
157.
常温厌氧MBR中微生物群落结构与膜污染研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为考察微生物群落结构与膜污染的关系,在常温下运行厌氧膜生物反应器,并应用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)技术,对膜丝表面微生物群落结构变化进行了研究,同时考察了微生物群落结构变化与反应器中溶解性微生物产物(SMP)、胞外聚合物(EPS)的关系.结果表明:在常温状态下膜污染周期约为18d,CODCr的去除率约为93%,运行效果稳定;微生物代谢产物的浓度随着微生物种群的演替呈逐渐升高的趋势,加速了膜污染进程;膜压(pTM)处于缓慢上升期时,膜丝表面微生物优势菌群为Raoultella、Owenweeksia hongkongensis,膜压(pTM)处于稳定上升期时,膜丝表面的优势菌群演替为 Delftia acidovorans、Halothiobacillus neapolitanus,最后当膜压(pTM)处于快速上升期时,bp78的微生物成为了膜丝表面的顶级群落.膜压(pTM)处于缓慢上升期和稳定上升期时,膜压(pTM)与微生物群落结构的多样性呈显著正相关;膜污染进入快速上升期时,膜丝表面出现了顶级群落,此时微生物群落多样性明显降低且与膜压升高呈弱相关;膜丝表面微生物群落均匀度随着膜压(pTM)的升高呈现出先增高后降低的趋势,膜丝表面微生物群落经历了不断附着,相互竞争至顶级群落出现的演替过程. 相似文献
158.
159.
建立了3组模拟厌氧生物反应器填埋场——R1、R2和R3,其中R1反应器无中间覆盖层,R2和R3反应器分别以矿化垃圾+重质碳酸钙、矿化垃圾+天然沸石为中间覆盖层,以研究不同中间覆盖层对厌氧生物反应器填埋场中有机物降解的作用. 结果表明:以矿化垃圾+重质碳酸钙、矿化垃圾+天然沸石为中间覆盖层时,均能维持反应器中良好的内环境,可促进垃圾和渗滤液中有机物的降解. R1、R2和R3反应器中垃圾的w(VS)(VS为挥发性固体))分别比初始值下降了69.81%、75.06%、73.86%,w(BDM)(BDM为生物可降解组分)分别下降了66.87%、82.86%、75.38%,w(纤维素)分别下降了67.96%、75.41%、72.90%;R1、R2和R3反应器中垃圾渗滤液的ρ(CODCr)比最大值分别降低了25.45%、29.72%、23.01%,ρ(BOD5)分别降低了39.28%、45.66%、46.74%. 表明矿化垃圾+重质碳酸钙为中间覆盖层时,既能接种可降解有机物的微生物,又能提供微生物生长所需的碱度,因此更具优势. 相似文献
160.
《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2014,92(6):766-778
The reliability issue in complex industrial systems such as oil, gas, petrochemical companies, nuclear and aviation industries has been of great importance. Resilience engineering (RE) is a new attitude toward the improvement of safety and reliability in the stated systems. One of the challenges a resilient system might face is the gap between work as imagined by managers and work as actually done by operators. This study will introduce a new framework named integrated resilience engineering (IRE) as a result of developing the concept of RE. The data used in this research have been obtained by means of questionnaire from a petrochemical company. Thereafter, the efficiency of operators and managers are calculated in RE and IRE frameworks through data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Then, the gaps between managers and operators are analyzed in two frameworks. The results are indicative of a significant growth in the number of efficient operators and managers in IRE framework compared to RE framework. Besides, the efficiency mean of managers and operators in IRE framework has experienced the growth of 1.8% and 5% compared to RE framework, respectively. The efficiency gap between managers and operators in IRE framework has also enjoyed the improvement of 88% compared to RE framework. Generally, it can be said that the suggested items of this research has led to the betterment of managers and operators’ efficiency and of the efficiency gap between them. Therefore, these items can improve the resilience and safety of complex systems. The results of Spearman test show that there is a strong direct correlation between the DEA results in two frameworks. This is the first study that examines the efficiency gap between operators and managers based on the RE principles and by means of DEA approach. 相似文献