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131.
I-Risk: development of an integrated technical and management risk methodology for chemical installations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I. A. Papazoglou L. J. Bellamy A. R. Hale O. N. Aneziris B. J. M. Ale J. G. Post J. I. H. Oh 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2003,16(6):575-591
This paper presents an integrated quantitative risk assessment method for hazardous installations, taking into account management as well as technical design and producing risk level measures. The key components of the I-Risk methodology are the technical model, the management model and their interface. The technical model consists of developing a master logic diagram (MLD) delineating the major immediate causes of loss of containment (LOC) and associated quantitative models for assessing their frequency. The management model consists of the tasks, which must be carried out systematically in the primary business functions (such as operations, emergency operations, maintenance and modifications). A management audit quantifies the quality of these management tasks. The management–technical interface modifies certain parameters of the technical model on the basis of the quality of the safety management system of the specific installation. The methodology is exemplified through its application to the risk assessment of an ammonia storage facility. A detailed technical model simulating the response of the system to various initiating events is developed along with a detailed management model simulating the influence of the plant-specific management and organisational practices. The overall effect is quantified through the frequency of release of ammonia as a result of a loss of containment in a storage tank and in a pipeline. 相似文献
132.
都市农业生态系统中污水资源化利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章介绍了都市农业生态系统中的污水处理工艺和资源化利用方案,并对回用过程中的水质状况进行了连续监测与分析,结果表明,主要污染物CODCr、BOD5、浊度、TN的去除率均达到90%以上。再生水完全可以满足系统内农业灌溉的要求,每年可减少50%的地下水开采量,且提供了良好的景观资源。蟹岛生态度假村以生活污水处理为中心的水资源循环利用方式,为污水资源化利用工程作了有益的尝试并取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
133.
134.
The People and Landscape Model (PALM): Towards full integration of human decision-making and biophysical simulation models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A model for simulating resource flows in a rural subsistence community is described. The People and Landscape Model (PALM) consists of a number of agents representing households, the landscape, and livestock. The landscape is made up of a number of homogeneous land units, or ‘fields’, each represented by an object containing data, methods and properties relevant to the field. Each field object consists of a number of soil layer objects, each of which contains routines to calculate its water balance and carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Organic matter decomposition is simulated by a version of the CENTURY model, while water and nitrogen dynamics are simulated by versions of the routines in the DSSAT crop models. The soil processes are simulated continuously, and vegetation types (crops, weeds, trees) can come and go in a field depending on its management. Crop growth and development are simulated by a generic model based on the DSSAT crop models, and which can be parameterised for different crops. Similarly, livestock growth and resource use is simulated by a generic model which can be parameterised for buffalo, cows, goats, sheep, chickens and pigs. 相似文献
135.
Coastal zones in Portugal, as interface areas between land and sea, have problems related to the growing human pressure in
terms of changes in land use associated with urban and industrial occupation, new accessibility (ports, motorways) and traffic
flows, intensification of recreational use (beaches, water sports) and excessive fishing. Impacts include deterioration of
water quality and sediments; alteration and degradation of natural habitats; new hydrodynamic situations; major landscape
changes: and rapid changes in habits and way of life of the local populations and increased exposure of populations and assets
to natural and induced risks (storms, accidents, spills, explosions).
Plans for the Management of the Coastal Zone (POOC) have been developed and seven of them have been approved, while two similar
plans are at a final stage of preparation. Together they cover the entire coast of Portugal. Their implementation and assessment
could be a first step towards an integrated management of the Portuguese coastal zones. River Basin Management Plans (PBH)
have been concluded and recently approved for the whole country. However, these plans do not consider estuarine systems and
some other issues related to coastal systems. The National Water Plan (PNA) is under public presentation and discussion. Several
‘key messages’ are presented in this paper as a contribution for assessment of the proposals of this plan on issues related
with coastal waters. 相似文献
136.
城市污水回用于农业的技术经济分析——以以色列农业灌溉为例 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
城市污水回用于农业是污水资源化的有效途径。论述了污水灌溉对农业和环境的影响 ,并以以色列为例对污水回用于农业进行了经济效益分析 ,同时介绍了决定用水组成、回用水质以及农作物的组成等的优化模型 相似文献
137.
138.
焚烧法处理环己酮生产中的皂化液 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用环已烷氧化生产环已酮的生产过程中会产生大量的皂化液 ,它含有大量的有害物质 ,是一种难处理的高污染有机废水。某石化厂在借鉴造纸行业的黑液焚烧技术的基础上 ,采用焚烧法来处理皂化液 ,并得到副产蒸气和回收了碳酸钠 ,实现了皂化液的无害化与资源化 ,具有良好的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益 ,每处理 1t皂化液可盈利 10 0~ 2 0 0元 相似文献
139.
140.