Space-time statistics for environmental and agricultural related phenomena

This paper presents an overview of space-time statistical procedures to analyse agricultural and environmental related phenomena. It starts with an application on root-rot development in cotton. Dependence modelling in space and time is done with the space-time variogram. Various kriging interpolators are presented for making predictions in space and time. Simulated annealing is used to design an optimal monitoring network for estimation of space-time variograms. In the application no clear indication was found for anisotropy, although strong evidence exists that the disease not only proceeds within rows but also jumps between rows. The optimal sampling scheme showed a spatial clustering of observations at the first and the last monitoring day and less observations at intermediate times.     

生命线工程网络抗震拓扑优化研究

介绍了基于连通可靠度分析的生命线工程网络和基于功能可靠度分析的供水管网抗震拓扑优化分析方法。以管网造价为优化目标,管网拓扑结构为优化参数,抗震连通可靠度为约束,建立了基于连通可靠度分析的生命线工程网络抗震拓扑优化模型。对于这样一个组合优化问题,采用现代优化算法-遗传算法来进行求解可以获得造价低且满足管网抗震可靠度要求的最优网络。改用抗震功能可靠度为约束,可以建立基于功能可靠度分析的供水管网的抗震拓扑优化模型,这一问题可以采用模拟退火算法来进行求解,实例分析表明模拟退火算法具有很好的效果。最后,利用模拟退火算法,对四川省都江堰市、绵竹市和德阳市供水管网进行了抗震拓扑优化改造分析,给出了三个城市供水管网的恢复重建方案。     

地下水硝酸盐污染抽出处理优化方法模拟研究

以北京某场地生活垃圾填埋场硝酸盐污染地下水为研究对象,针对抽出处理技术,利用遗传算法(GA)和模拟退火法(SA)对地下水硝酸盐污染羽治理区中布置18口备选井方案进行优化.优化目标函数最小化治理成本,确定最佳井数及其井的位置和抽水速率,同时达到在100 d内将研究区硝酸盐浓度降低至10 mg·L-1的治理目标.GA优化结果为8号井优化抽水速率为155 m3·d-1,14号井优化抽水速率为10 m3·d-1.SA优化结果为8号井优化抽水速率为82 m3·d-1,14号井优化抽水速率为39 m3·d-1.基于GA和SA优化抽水速率,硝酸盐总量去除率分别为76.89%和84.92%.优化结果说明,最佳井的位置应位于硝酸盐污染羽中游及中下游的中轴线上,且中游抽水速率比下游要大.两种优化算法对比表明SA优化系统治理成本比GA节省6.8%,且波动性小,更收敛.     

基于改进模拟退火算法的社会力量救灾派遣模型

为提高社会救援力量参与救灾的效率,针对社会力量参与灾后救援的派遣问题,提出最优化派遣模型及其求解算法.根据"量力而行、就近就便"等原则,综合考虑社会力量的救援技能掌握程度和灾区的救援需求情况,将最大化救援效益作为目标函数,以抵达灾区时间和救灾经济成本作为约束条件建立模型;采用模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,根据模型改进Me...     

相思树种子的质量评价模型

投影寻踪技术为一种新兴的非线性分析方法,但存在计算过程复杂、编程实现困难等缺陷,鉴于此,我们提出采用模拟退火法直接优化投影寻踪技术的投影函数和投影方向以克服目前投影寻踪技术的种种缺点.在此基础上,提出基于模拟退火法的改进的投影寻踪的相思树种子质量评价模型,利用该模型可把各相思树种批测定指标综合成一维投影值,投影值越大,表示该种批质量越好,根据投影值的大小可对相思树种批样本集进行合理评价.实例质量评价结果表明,直接由样本数据训练的改进投影寻踪林木种子质量评价模型用于相思树种子质量评价简单可行,具有较强的适用性和应用性,可操作性强.基于模拟退火法的改进的投影寻踪法可广泛应用于种子质量评价、群落分类及环境质量评价等研究中各类非线性、高维数据的分级与评价.表1参11     

用地下水资料探讨渭河盆地及周边地区地震形势

本文用陕、甘、宁、青的地下水前兆观测资料，运用异常系列方法的思路，研究了四省区中强地震的中期前兆指标，并进一步探讨了渭河盆地及周边的地震形势。     

Application of Unknown Groundwater Pollution Source Release History Estimation Methodology to Distributed Sources Incorporating Surface-Groundwater Interactions

Sources of contamination of groundwater are often difficult to characterize. However, it is essential for effective remediation of polluted groundwater resources. This study demonstrates an application of the linked simulation-optimization based methodology to estimate the release history from spatially distributed sources of pollution at an illustrative abandoned mine-site. In linked simulation-optimization approaches a numerical groundwater flow and transport simulation model is linked to the optimization model. In this study, topographic and geologic characteristics of the abandoned mine-site were simulated using a three-dimensional (3D) numerical groundwater flow model. Transport of contaminant in the groundwater was simulated using a 3D transient advective-dispersive contaminant transport model. Adsorption or chemical reaction of the contaminant was not considered in the contaminant transport model. Adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) was employed for solving the optimization problem. An optimization algorithm generates the candidate solutions corresponding to various unknown groundwater source characteristics. The candidate solutions are used as input in the numerical groundwater transport simulation model to generate the concentration of pollutant in the study area. This information is used to calculate the objective function value, which is utilized by the optimization algorithm to improve the candidate solution. This process continues until an optimal solution is obtained. Optimal solutions obtained in this study show that the linked simulation-optimization based methodology is potentially applicable for the characterization of spatially distributed pollutant sources, typically present at abandoned mine-sites.     

Identification of potential biomarkers for diazinon exposure to Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) using annealing control primers

A new differential display-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on annealing control primers was used to screen and identify potential biomarkers from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in medaka exposed to sub-lethal concentration of diazinon (100 ppb). Among the differentially expressed genes identified, the majority were in functional categories of protein biosynthesis, transport and metabolism according to the gene ontology classification. The differential expression of ribosomal protein genes was quantified by real time PCR. The genes encoding ribosomal proteins including L3 and S17 were selected as potential biomarkers for diazinon exposure in medaka fish.     

基于改进混合遗传-支持向量机的CMF产水预测研究

将模拟退火思想和加速遗传特性相结合,改进选择策略和遗传算子,建立加速遗传模拟退火算法（AGSA）;基于支持向量机（SVM）的非线性回归和改进混合遗传算法的因子筛选,构造了支持向量机模型参数的自适应优化算法,提出连续微滤系统（CMF）产水预测模型;通过实测中试规模连续微滤系统产水量变化对模型进行验证,结果表明：该模型较好...     

Mathematical Methods for Spatially Cohesive Reserve Design

The problem of designing spatially cohesive nature reserve systems that meet biodiversity objectives is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem. The multiobjective function minimises a combination of boundary length, area and failed representation of the biological attributes we are trying to conserve. The task is to reserve a subset of sites that best meet this objective. We use data on the distribution of habitats in the Northern Territory, Australia, to show how simulated annealing and a greedy heuristic algorithm can be used to generate good solutions to such large reserve design problems, and to compare the effectiveness of these methods.