Toward sustainable livelihoods after war: Reconstituting rural land tenure systems

Land tenure plays a primary role in sustainable development efforts. However armed conflict and its repercussions reconfigure the network of social relations upon which all land tenure systems depend. In post‐conflict settings new laws have the opportunity to address tenure issues in the context of what people are already doing ‘on the ground’, with a view to moving from the fluidity of post‐conflict situations to a more solidified and peaceful social and legal environment. However there exists a lack of tools to analyze postwar land tenure and the prospects for reconstituting tenure systems to support recovery and development. This paper uses the Sustainable Livelihoods framework to examine postwar land tenure issues in order to draw out latent opportunities within emergent informal smallholder tenure constructs which may have utility in the reconstitution of national tenure systems.     

中俄罗河黑龙江开放开发利用现状及保护对策

国际界河由于其独特的地缘关系及与国家间政治、经济和外交上的密切联系而备受重视。本文从中俄界河黑龙江水资源的开发利用、水环境现状及两国经济发展的实际出发，提出可持续利用与保护对策。     

Linking permit markets multilaterally

We formally study the determinants, magnitude and distribution of efficiency gains generated in multilateral linkages between permit markets. We provide two novel decomposition results for these gains, characterize individual preferences over linking groups and show that our results are largely unaltered with strategic domestic emissions cap selection or when banking and borrowing are allowed. Using the Paris Agreement pledges and power sector emissions data of five countries which all use or considered using both emissions trading and linking, we quantify the efficiency gains. We find that the computed gains can be sizable and are split roughly equally between effort and risk sharing.     

Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.     

全球气候变化框架公约执行中的协商性谈判探讨

1992年联合国通过了《联合国气候变化框架公约》。在同年6月地球首脑会议上,155个国家签署了该公约。随着公约内容的具体化,围绕缔约国之间控制温室气体排放这个主议题,将展开政治、经济、法律、环境诸方面的分工协作以控制全球气候的变化。因此有必要在多边谈判和实施公约的工作中,讨论协商性谈判问题。本文探讨了该问题并就协商性谈判提出一些原则性建议。     

对我国减灾战略的几点建议

本文从我国的灾害特点徊灾害防治中的困难的角度出发,参照灾害防治的经验教训,提出建立管理国家紧急事物的职能机构;设立防灾科研和教育基金;积极开展国际交流和协作;尽快成立灾害信息情报中心和进行必要的救灾物资储备。     

国际贸易中环境保护介改的成因与对策

从环境成本内部化、绿色消费需求和贸易壁垒创新的角度阐述了国际贸易中环境保护介入的成因，并提出了若干对策。     

国际海事组织的秘书处

介绍国际海事组织秘书处的组成，它的成员的来源，员工的规章制度和海洋环保司的日常工作。     

试论国际环境民间组织在国际法中的法律地位

国际环境民间组织已成为国际社会中一种重要的行为体,它对全球环境保护和国际环境法发展有着巨大的推动作用.因此,有必要对国际民间组织在国际法中的法律地位进行研究.国际法律人格者与国际法主体之间的法理区别是国际环境民间组织获得国际法律地位的前提,无论从实证,还是理论方面进行分析国际环境民间组织在国际法中都具有一定的法律地位,在一定范围内可以成为国际法的主体.     

环境保护的国际立法发展

"和平与"发展"、"环境保护"都被列为当今的世界主题正因如此,环境保护的国际立法也尤显重要.