Identifying source information after river chemical spill occurrences is critical for emergency responses. However, the inverse uncertainty characteristics of this kind of pollution source inversion problem have not yet been clearly elucidated. To fill this gap, stochastic analysis approaches, including a regional sensitivity analysis method, identifiability plot and perturbation methods, were employed to conduct an empirical investigation on generic inverse uncertainty characteristics under a well-accepted uncertainty analysis framework. Case studies based on field tracer experiments and synthetic numerical tracer experiments revealed several new rules. For example, the release load can be most easily inverted, and the source location is responsible for the largest uncertainty among the source parameters. The diffusion and convection processes are more sensitive than the dilution and pollutant attenuation processes to the optimization of objective functions in terms of structural uncertainty. The differences among the different objective functions are smaller for instantaneous release than for continuous release cases. Small monitoring errors affect the inversion results only slightly, which can be ignored in practice. Interestingly, the estimated values of the release location and time negatively deviate from the real values, and the extent is positively correlated with the relative size of the mixing zone to the objective river reach. These new findings improve decision making in emergency responses to sudden water pollution and guide the monitoring network design.
Real Time PCR,即实时监测PCR扩增产物并进行解析的方法,目前已广泛应用于分子生物学研究的各个领域.Real Time PCR技术秉承及发展了普通PCR的快速、高灵敏度检出等优点,同时克服了普通PCR不能准确定量、容易污染等缺点,无需在反应结束后通过电泳操作确认扩增产物.目前,Real Time PCR可设计多对引物在同一反应体系中同时对多个靶基因进行扩增,实现多莺实时定量检测.Real Time PCR使PCR技术发生了质的飞跃,扩展了PCR技术的应用范畴,是一种具有划时代意义的技术.本文主要介绍Real Time PCR的主要原理、解析方法、技术发展趋势及其在海洋病原生物检测方面的应用. 相似文献