20世纪90年代我国企业安全生产的投入分析与研究

利用 2 0世纪 90年代我国企业安全生产投入数据库 ,笔者从我国企业安全总投入、安全措施经费投入、劳保用品投入、安全生产投入结构、分行业安全生产投入情况等方面分析了 90年代我国企业的安全生产投入状况 ,得出了一批重要的反映 90年代我国企业安全生产投入情况的数据     

Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration

Indonesia is home to around 45% of the world’s tropical peatlands which continue to be degraded on a large scale by deforestation, drainage and fire, contributing massively to global GHG emissions. Approaches to restoring the peat–water balance and reducing emissions in peat hydrological units, through managing them based either on full protection or large-scale commercial production, have generally failed to address environmental and local community needs. We present published and unpublished findings pointing to the need for an integrated peatland protection and restoration strategy based first on raising water levels in degraded (drained) peatlands and maintaining them in forested peatlands, thus, reducing GHG emissions. Second, the strategy incorporates ecologically sound agroforestry business models that strengthen livelihoods of smallholders and so sustain their interest in sustainably managing the peatlands. In this paper, we focus on the second element of this strategy in Indonesia. Eight agroforestry business models are proposed based on their merits to attract both smallholders and commercial investors as well as their compatibility with hydrological rehabilitation of the peatlands. While financial returns on investment will vary across sites and countries, our analysis indicates that some models can be profitable over both short and longer time periods with relatively low levels of investment risk.     

环境监测领域拓展方向和途径

分析了环境监测市场背景与走向,提出环境监测站应向环境质量和污染源监督监测,快速应急监测和事故仲裁监测,规划及建设项目环评现状、竣工验收、施工期与回顾性监测,排污收费总量监测和污染源自动监控仪监测检定,机动车排气污染物监测,环保产品性能及环保产品认定监测,室内环境与装饰装修材料监测,食品安全检测,以及环保体系认证监测领域拓展,进一步提升监测能力。     

推动环境信息披露能改善投资效率吗？

落实企业环境责任,推动环境信息披露,有利于推动结构调整和高质量发展。本文根据《环境信息公开办法（试行）》,对发布企业社会责任报告的上市公司环境信息披露进行刻画,基于Richardson投资期望模型对投资效率进行测度,分析环境信息披露对上市公司投资效率的影响。研究发现,环境信息披露能在一定程度上缓解投资不足,但对过度投资的影响并不显著,而且环境信息披露对投资不足的缓解作用在国有企业、两权分离度高等代理成本较高的企业中表现更为显著。本文因此提出推动环境信息披露的建议,一方面发挥政府作用,加大监管压力,确保企业环境责任的落实,健全环境治理企业责任体系;另一方面发挥市场的决定性作用,强化诱致企业披露环境信息的动力,让市场形成对环境信息披露的强需求,促使企业提升环境信息披露水平。     

National minerals policies and stakeholder participation for broad-based development in the southern African development community (SADC)

This paper explains how the well-accepted concept of improved stakeholder participation during mineral policy development leads to a national mineral policy that accommodates the diverging views and interests that allows wide acceptance of decisions, enhancing the success of implementation and, ultimately, national benefits. This process is based on lessons learnt during the South African experience and has been successfully applied in the development of the Namibian and Malawian national minerals policies. An effective policy in the SADC will engineer the delicate balance between poverty reduction and an internationally competitive minerals sector. This balance enhances the possibility of long-term economic growth and development in the SADC region. The overriding advantage of this strategy is that it generates ‘home-grown’ policy instruments and implementation of mineral law with which stakeholders can identify. This process presents a new challenge to traditional policy formulation strategies in emerging economies and the bottom-up approach, linked to wide political support, allows the potential realisation of national objectives.     

Investing in safety an analytical precautionary principle

PROBLEM: Governments and businesses must respond to increasing safety requirements and balance the associated costs with productivity and competing pressures. METHOD: A real options approach has been introduced for decision making in the private sector; this approach is adapted for regulatory decisions that can involve irreversible and uncertain safety impacts, social costs that differ from private costs, and differences in perception among the stakeholders. RESULT AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT: The outcome is an economic decision gage that determines if it is optimal to invest in safety even if the estimated costs significantly exceed the estimated benefits. Applications potentially include safety decisions related to aviation, ground transportation, pipelines, nuclear facilities, natural disaster planning, and terrorism, among others.     

东三省“十二五”城镇污水厂投资与减排效益分析

东北三省"十二五"主要水污染物减排项目方案实施后,必然会引起环境发生一定变化,环境效益正是污染减排工程的环境后果的代表。利用西方经济学中的边际效用理论对"十二五"期间东三省城镇污水处理厂单位投资的COD削减量进行分析。依据投入的环境边际效益对各省工作重点提出建议。     

Mineral development,financing and cooperation: New forms of international participation?

Although relations between direct investors and host countries must steadily evolve to meet continually changing circumstances, this should be within a broadly stable framework. The basic technical and economic characteristics of mining should dictate the nature of that framework. In contemplating their experiences during the past decade many international mining companies might ruefully agree with Benjamin Franklin that: ‘in this world nothing can be said to be certain except death and taxes’. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the important factors that must be taken into account by governments, international agencies and private investors contemplating large-scale mining projects. These inevitably dictate the forms of international participation in mining ventures.     

林火预防与扑救投资的成本效益分析

针对某一林区,确定其林木管理目标,以及为达到此目标对林火监测与扑救系统的要求,从而确定森林防火的资金投入。分析了加大森林防火投入前后森林火灾损失与扑求费用的变化。     

我国环境污染治理投资的发展及存在问题

环境污染治理投资对于改善我国环境状况,遏制环境污染发展趋势具有重要作用.在界定了环境污染治理投资统计范围之后对我国环境污染治理投资的发展历程、投资结构进行了具体分析,其中重点分析了我国工业污染源治理投资的发展过程和投资结构,总结了我国环境污染治理投资存在的问题,以供决策部门参考.