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1.
Iron and steel manufacture has been ranked as the largest industrial source of environmental contamination in the USA; the wastes generated in their production processes contain heavy elements that can be a source of contamination, and natural radionuclides that can produce an occupational and/or public radiological impact. In this work the potential occupational effective dose rate (μSv/y) due to inhalation in four integrated steel-making factories from Egypt has been evaluated, by assuming a well defined scenario and with basis in the 210Pb and 210Po activity concentrations determined in ore and wastes collected in the aforementioned factories. Activity concentrations, in Bq/kg, of 210Pb and 210Po, and leachable Pb and Fe were measured using gamma-ray spectrometry based on HPGe detector, alpha particle spectrometry based on PIPS detector, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Levels of 210Pb and 210Po in the range of <DL-4238 and 1-5660 Bq/kg, respectively, were found. According to the assumed scenarios, the occupational exposures by inhalation are much lower than the recommended annual effective dose limit, although the environmental impact due to waste storage and/or use should be considered based on case by case evaluation. 相似文献
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Atrazine, propazine and simazine were tested separately and in mixture by batch procedure in a laboratory-constructed apparatus. 3.75 l of a buffered s-triazines pesticide solution was treated at room temperature by 325-mesh zero-valent iron powder (ZVIP) (20 g/l). High performance liquid chromatography was used to separate by-products and study the decline in the pesticide’s concentrations. Results obtained show that the order of degradation was simazine, atrazine and then propazine. The half-lives (t1/2) of the s-triazines pesticides are, respectively, 7.4, 9.0 and 10.6 min when they are treated separately, and 9.8, 11.2 and 13.7 min when they are treated together under the same conditions. The final by-product obtained after 50 min of contact of simazine with ZVIP shows a shift to longer wavelength in its UV spectrum. A similar phenomenon is shown for atrazine and propazine. Identical primary by-products are produced and subsequently degraded to 4,6-(diamino)-s-triazine, which seems to be the major by-product of the reductive treatment process. Pathways for the degradation of the studied s-triazines by ZVIP are proposed. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the European Commission's decision to allow a merger between two Brazilian iron ore mining companies, CVRD and Caemi, using data on the Direct Reduced Iron pellet market. By using a simulation model, we can directly simulate the total welfare effects from the merger and hence evaluate the merger from a new perspective. The results from our simulations suggest that the welfare effects are negative from the merger between CVRD and Caemi, which supports the conclusion drawn by the European Commission decision. By performing different simulations between hypothetical merger candidates, our results show that only mergers between small candidates have the potential to be welfare enhancing. 相似文献
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The iron and steel industry is not only an important foundation of the national economy, but also the largest source of industrial air pollution. Due to the current status of emissions in the iron and steel industry, ultra-low pollutant emission control technology has been researched and developed. Liquid-phase proportion control technology has been developed for magnesian fluxed pellets, and a blast furnace smelting demonstration project has been established to use a high proportion of fluxed pellets (80%) for the first time in China to realize source emission reduction of SO2 and NOx. Based on the characteristics of high NOx concentrations and the coexistence of multiple pollutants in coke oven flue gas, low-NOx combustion coupled with multi-pollutant cooperative control technology with activated carbon was developed to achieve efficient removal of multiple pollutants and resource utilization of sulfur. Based on the characteristics of co-existing multiple pollutants in pellet flue gas, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) coupled with ozone oxidation and spray drying adsorption (SDA) was developed, which significantly reduces the operating cost of the system. In the light of the high humidity and high alkalinity in flue gas, filter materials with high humidity resistance and corrosion resistance were manufactured, and an integrated pre-charged bag dust collector device was developed, which realized ultra-low emission of fine particles and reduced filtration resistance and energy consumption in the system. Through source emission reduction, process control and end-treatment technologies, five demonstration projects were built, providing a full set of technical solutions for ultra-low emissions of dust, SO2, NOx, SO3, mercury and other pollutants, and offering technical support for the green development of the iron and steel industry. 相似文献
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针对昆钢动力能源分公司制氢站建成投产后出现的环保污染和所带来的生产运行问题,对制氢系统原装置技术存在问题进行分析,提出优化改进方案,并对实施后的效果、环境效益、经济效益等进行分析。优化方案的实施彻底解决了制氢站建成后产生的环保污染问题。 相似文献
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本文叙述了锰砂表面改性(以下简称旧锰砂)处理含酚饮用水的实验研究,陈酚率可达99%。本实验对除酚因素(温度、pH值、流速和接触时间等)进行了实验研究。当进水酚浓度≤2.0mg/l时,经旧锰砂的吸附,可使酚浓度≤0.002mg/l。 相似文献
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