Multi-process and multi-pollutant control technology for ultra-low emissions in the iron and steel industry

The iron and steel industry is not only an important foundation of the national economy, but also the largest source of industrial air pollution. Due to the current status of emissions in the iron and steel industry, ultra-low pollutant emission control technology has been researched and developed. Liquid-phase proportion control technology has been developed for magnesian fluxed pellets, and a blast furnace smelting demonstration project has been established to use a high proportion of fluxed pellets (80%) for the first time in China to realize source emission reduction of SO₂ and NO_x. Based on the characteristics of high NO_x concentrations and the coexistence of multiple pollutants in coke oven flue gas, low-NO_x combustion coupled with multi-pollutant cooperative control technology with activated carbon was developed to achieve efficient removal of multiple pollutants and resource utilization of sulfur. Based on the characteristics of co-existing multiple pollutants in pellet flue gas, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) coupled with ozone oxidation and spray drying adsorption (SDA) was developed, which significantly reduces the operating cost of the system. In the light of the high humidity and high alkalinity in flue gas, filter materials with high humidity resistance and corrosion resistance were manufactured, and an integrated pre-charged bag dust collector device was developed, which realized ultra-low emission of fine particles and reduced filtration resistance and energy consumption in the system. Through source emission reduction, process control and end-treatment technologies, five demonstration projects were built, providing a full set of technical solutions for ultra-low emissions of dust, SO₂, NO_x, SO₃, mercury and other pollutants, and offering technical support for the green development of the iron and steel industry.     

内流激发垂直悬臂管振动失稳特性实验研究

目的 研究管道内部流速和浸没深度对细长柔性悬臂管道振动特性的影响规律。方法 通过位移传感器采集管道振动位移时程,计算管道振幅、时频特性、相位变迁和振动频率,分析内流在输流过程中所激发的管道振动失稳特性。结果 随着内流流速的增加,垂直悬臂管会经历静态、前失稳和后失稳3个不同状态。管道振幅随内流流速的增加而明显增大,但振动频率只是缓慢上升。随着管道浸没深度的增加,管道振动失稳整体减弱。结论 内流流速和浸没深度均是影响管道振动失稳特性的关键因素。     

多点汇流下污水管网污染物迁变规律及其机制

为研究城市污水管网多点汇流条件下污染物的迁变规律及其对微生物繁衍的影响机制,建立一套多汇流点位的污水管道中试系统,探究污水输送过程中碳,氮,硫3类主要污染物质的迁移转化特性.结果表明,汇流点前溶解态化学需氧量（SCOD）和硫酸盐（SO₄^2-）浓度下降,氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）浓度上升,支管汇流使得汇流点3类污染物浓度显著增加.后期水质达到稳定,在保证支管污水的汇入导致各类污染物增加量基本不变的情况下,SCOD浓度由进口的320mg/L左右下降至出口的280mg/L左右,在氨化作用下导致的NH₄⁺-N总增加量在15mg/L左右,高于因汇流产生的增加总量12.5mg/L左右,结果表明汇流管网系统中微生物的消耗代谢作用是碳氮类污染物变化的主导因素,而SO₄^2-后期进出口浓度均在20mg/L左右,说明支管汇流和生化代谢使SO₄^2-的含量维持在动态平衡的状态.此外,对管网中试系统生物相中微生物繁衍过程进行分析可知,发酵菌（FB）,产氢产乙酸菌（HPA）,硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的含量随繁衍时间显著增加,并在沿程的不同汇流点处出现丰度升高现象.综上所述,在多点汇流导致污水水质波动的作用下,促进了管网生物相中微生物的繁衍增殖,并增强了其代谢作用在污水管网污染物转化的主导地位,使得污染物在管网输送过程中呈现更为显著的转化现象.     

Preparation and characterization of boron-doped corn straw biochar: Fe (Ⅱ) removal equilibrium and kinetics

Nowadays, iron ions as a ubiquitous heavy metal pollutant are gradually concerned and the convenient and quick removal of excessive iron ions in groundwater has become a major challenge for the safety of drinking water. In this study, boron-doped biochar (B-BC) was successfully prepared at various preparation conditions with the addition of boric acid. The as-prepared material has a more developed pore structure and a larger specific surface area (up to 897.97 m²/g). A series of characterization results shows that boric acid effectively activates biochar, and boron atoms are successfully doped on biochar. Compared with the ratio of raw materials, the pyrolysis temperature has a greater influence on the amount of boron doping. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of 800B-BC_1:2 at 25 °C, 40 °C, 55 °C are 50.02 mg/g, 95.09 mg/g, 132.78 mg/g, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model can better describe the adsorption process, the adsorption process is mainly chemical adsorption. Chemical complexation, ions exchange, and co-precipitation may be the main mechanisms for Fe²⁺ removal.     

双金属复合管线应力分析中当量折算模型的建立与应用*

针对目前高腐蚀性气田的集输系统管线应力分析标准中,未给出双金属复合管线的强度校核方法,依据当量折算理论,将双金属复合管的几何与材料特性转化为等效单层管,通过有限元法验证双层管与等效管模型的计算精度。研究结果表明:利用当量折算理论,可以快速将双金属管外径、壁厚、弹性模量、热膨胀系数、密度等参数等效转化为单层管道相关参数。经实际应用检验,该方法在解决工程问题时具备一定的实用性与准确性;双金属复合管系统当量折算模型具备计算方便和精度高等优点,该模型可用于双金属复合管线结构设计和强度校核。研究结果可为双金属复合管线的强度校核提供1种参考方法。     

Uranium and other trace elements’ distribution in Korean granite: implications for the influence of iron oxides on uranium migration

To understand trace radionuclide (uranium) migration occurring in rocks, a granitic batholith located at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) site was selected and investigated. The rock samples obtained from this site were examined using mineralogical methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The changes in the distribution pattern of uranium (U) and small amounts of trace elements, and the mineralogical textures affected by weathering, were examined. Based on the element distribution analyses, it was found that Fe²⁺ released from fresh biotite is oxidized in short geological time, forming amorphous iron oxides, such as ferrihydrite, around silicate minerals. In that case, the amorphous ferrihydrite does not show distinct adsorption for U. However, as it gradually crystallizes to goethite or hematite, the most U-rich phases were found to be associated with the secondary iron oxides having granular forms. This evidence suggests that the geological subsurface environment is favorable for the crystallized iron oxides to keep their structures more stable for a long time as compared with the amorphous phases. There is a possibility that the long residence of U which is in contact with the stable crystalline phases of iron may finally lead to the partial sequestration of U in their structure. Consequently, it seems that Fe-oxide crystallization can be a dominating mechanism for U uptake and controls long-term U transport in granites with low U contents.     

铁屑吸附-微波辐照-内电解协同处理结晶紫染料废水

以结晶紫为模型化合物,提出了一种新的“铁屑吸附—微波辐照—内电解”协同处理染料废水的方法。试验结果表明,吸附在铁屑表面的染料通过微波催化裂解和内电解协同作用迅速降解,染料溶液的脱色率和COD去除率分别达到99％和95％以上。废铁屑经8次使用后仍有良好的处理效果。研究了各种相关因素对染料废水脱色的影响。     

化学品突发性事故预测的不确定性分析

介绍化学品突发性事故预测的不确定性概率统计和模糊数学分析方法。对参数和模式的不确定性分别进行了讨论,计算机系统包括化学品常用数据库、事故识别模块,事故后果分析模块和不确定性分析模块,对液氯泄漏排放事故、液化气（丙烷）两相闪蒸爆炸和管道煤气（CO）泄漏伤害模式实例进行了分析。对连续源和瞬时源的讨论说明泄漏时间的确定对事故分析极为重要。     

火电厂锅炉再热器联络管裂纹分析及处理

某火电厂亚临界锅炉墙式再热器蒸汽出口至屏式再热器联络管母管及排空气管接管座产生裂纹发生渗漏。通过对墙式再热器出口管道排空气管接管座裂纹特征、结构型式、管道现场布置情况、运行环境等方面进行综合分析,认为排空气管道安装布置不合理,无保温措施,导致冷凝水倒流,形成热疲劳裂纹并逐步延伸扩展。确认产生裂纹的原因后,优化管道安装布置、对接管座结构型式做出改进并对产生裂纹的管道进行了更换,改进后锅炉运行约1.8× 10⁴ h后复检无缺陷。     

超深井径向钻孔钛合金管转向阻力计算及安全评估

为了解决塔河油田6 000 m及以上深井径向钻孔作业时管柱强度低、无法很好地传递钻压等问题,提出利用修井机和油管、钛合金管进行径向钻孔工艺,并通过数值模拟的方法优选有矫直段的单向弯曲转向轨道,研究轨道转向半径、钛合金管外径及壁厚、轨道与管柱间隙对钻进能力的影响,其次,通过正交试验方法,对上述参数进行敏感度分析并进行参数优选。结果表明:轨道转向半径及间隙与转向阻力呈反比关系,而钛合金管外径以及壁厚与其呈正比。因此,推荐钛合金管与转向器轨道的组合参数为:轨道转向半径为600 mm,转向角度为30°,钛合金管外径为25 mm,壁厚为2 mm,钛合金管与转向器轨道的间隙为4 mm。