Effects of iron (hydr)oxides on the degradation of diethyl phthalate ester in heterogeneous (photo)-Fenton reactions

This work studied the structural effects of hematite(α-Fe2 O3), 2-line ferrihydrite(HFO) and goethite(α-FeOOH) on diethyl phthalate ester(DEP) degradation. The results showed that the degradation of DEP was faster under 365 nm light irradiation than in the dark in the presence of iron(hydr)oxides. The apparent kinetic rates of DEP degradation followed the order HFO goethite ≈ hematite in the dark and HFO hematite goethite under 365 nm light irradiation. Two pathways governed H2 O2 decomposition efficiency on iron(hydr)oxide surfaces:(1) forming UOH on inherent surface hydroxyl groups(Fe-OH) and(2) producing O2 and H2 O on the surface oxygen vacancies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analyses indicated that HFO not only has high Fe-OH content but also has high Vo content, resulting in its low H2 O2 utilization efficiency(η). DEP was degraded through hydrogen abstraction and deesterification, and the major products were(OH)2-DEP, mono-ethyl phthalate(MEP), OH-MEP,and phthalate acid(PA). The study is important in understanding the transformation of phthalate esters in top surface soils and surface waters under ultraviolet light.     

碳源调控下复合垂直流人工湿地脱氮研究

碳源是制约生物脱氮效率的重要因素.我国城市污水碳源不足,需要考虑补充碳源提供反硝化电子供体.在复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)系统中,通过湿地特有的通气管补充碳源到湿地底部,改善了湿地内部微生物环境,强化了湿地脱氮功能,对氮的去除效率有显著提高.结果表明,葡萄糖作为外加碳源提高系统的反硝化能力要优于羧甲基纤维素(CMC),投加葡萄糖的系统比未补充碳源的系统脱氮效率有显著提高(p0.05).通过投加不同量的葡萄糖进行对比实验,发现对于处理量60 L.d-1的IVCW系统最佳葡萄糖投加量为1.5 g.此时C6H12O6∶NO3--N的质量比仅为4.3,这个投加量远低于在进水中为满足反硝化所需调控的C/N,因此通气管投加碳源的方式可节约外加碳源成本.此外,在进水前4h投加碳源要优于进水时加入碳源.     

油气管道维抢修密封卡具的安全检测与应用

针对油气管道维抢修所使用密封卡具在使用过程中存在安全隐患的问题,提出了1种密封卡具的安全检测方法,并设计了检测平台。检测平台主要由管段夹持装置、密封卡具组件、实验管段、液压注剂系统以及压力测量系统等构成;检测方法包括密封卡具的出厂强度检验、密封性能测试以及安全施工压力测试,通过检测来确保施工过程中密封卡具的安全稳定性及密封作业的成功率;在新疆油田采油一厂进行了现场应用,对泄漏管段进行现场勘测后设计加工了适用的密封卡具,对该卡具进行了室内安全检验,并依据注剂式密封技术的相关标准在现场实施了带压密封作业。研究结果表明:所加工密封卡具的强度、密封性能安全可靠,现场安全注剂压力不应超过22 MPa,管道未发生二次破坏,密封效果良好。     

The application of iron mesh double layer as anode for the electrochemical treatment of Reactive Black 5 dye

In this work a novel anode configuration consisting of an iron mesh double layer is proposed for the electrochemical treatment of wastewater. The removal of Reactive Black 5 dye(RB5) from synthetic contaminated water was used as a model system. At a constant anode surface area, identical process operating parameters and batch process mode, the iron mesh double layer electrode showed better performance compared to the conventional single layer iron mesh. The double layer electrode was characterized by RB5 and chemical oxygen demand(COD) removal efficiency of 98.2% and 97.7%, respectively, kinetic rate constant of 0.0385/min, diffusion coefficient of 4.9 × 10~(-5)cm~2/sec and electrical energy consumption of 20.53 kWh/kgdye removed. In the continuous flow system, the optimum conditions suggested by Response Surface Methodology(RSM) are: initial solution p H of 6.29,current density of 1.6 m A/cm~2, electrolyte dose of 0.15 g/L and flow rate of 11.47 m L/min which resulted in an RB5 removal efficiency of 81.62%.     

管网水限制性营养元素对微生物再生长的影响

考察C、N、P等饮用水中的限制性营养元素对微生物再生长的影响。结果表明,磷是管网中细菌生长的主要限制因子,饮用水最适合细菌生长的最佳C∶P为100∶5。另外,对于管网微生物而言,乙酸碳等易降解有机物是一种更容易被利用的有机物。因此,在饮用水处理过程中应尽可能地去除原水中磷,使出厂水TP控制在5μg/L以下,同时要防止饮用水被一些有机物特别是小分子易降解有机物污染,以确保饮用水安全。     

输气管道泄漏压力波的频谱特性模拟

为了研究输气管道泄漏压力波的频谱特性,基于大涡模拟对管道泄漏进行了非稳态分析。模拟了不同管道压力、不同泄漏孔径以及不同管道气体流速下的泄漏压力波频谱分布,探讨了不同条件对压力波频谱特性的影响。所得结论对各类管道泄漏压力波的频谱分析具有一定的借鉴作用。     

铁铝盐基离子对土壤中水溶性氟环境效应的影响

氧化物或粘土矿物可吸附氟离子,但磷酸根离子与氟离子存在竞争吸附效应,造成氟的环境存在量、存在形态及生物效应更加复杂,影响了环境中氟污染的治理.试验选用典型贵州黄壤和石灰土,通过向模拟高氟污染土壤中添加铁铝盐基离子和磷酸盐,采用两因素最优设计,研究外源物质对土壤中水溶性氟的影响.结果表明,FeCl3·6H2O或AlCl3·6H2O都能降低土壤中水溶性氟,而KH2PO4使土壤中水溶性氟增加,对黄壤和石灰土中水溶性氟影响效果大小依次为FeCl3·6H2O(AlCl3·6H2O)、KH2PO4.同时表明,采用铁铝盐基离子改变黄壤性质,达到降氟效果仍有很大潜力,而石灰土环境在高添加铁铝盐基离子水平下继续添加FeCl3·6H2O或AlCl3·6H2O降低土壤中水溶性氟的作用较弱.从土壤pH看,黄壤水溶性氟受试验因子影响复杂,土壤pH低水溶性氟不一定低,pH在4～6时,氟元素的形态及有效性尤其复杂,而石灰土中水溶性氟基本随pH降低而降低.     

Arsenic mobility in brownfield soils amended with green waste compost or biochar and planted with Miscanthus

Degraded land that is historically contaminated from different sources of industrial waste provides an opportunity for conversion to bioenergy fuel production and also to increase sequestration of carbon in soil through organic amendments. In pot experiments, As mobility was investigated in three different brownfield soils amended with green waste compost (GWC, 30% v/v) or biochar (BC, 20% v/v), planted with Miscanthus. Using GWC improved crop yield but had little effect on foliar As uptake, although the proportion of As transferred from roots to foliage differed considerably between the three soils. It also increased dissolved carbon concentrations in soil pore water that influenced Fe and As mobility. Effects of BC were less pronounced, but the impacts of both amendments on SOC, Fe, P and pH are likely to be critical in the context of As leaching to ground water. Growing Miscanthus had no measurable effect on As mobility.     

长短管桩在含浅部持力层的地基中的应用研究

在含良好浅部持力层的地基中采用长短桩基础,可以充分发挥浅部持力层这一天然资源的良好承载性能。本文依托张家港地区某静压管桩长短桩工程实例,对含典型浅部持力层的地基中长短管桩的承载特性进行了研究。现场测试和计算分析结果表明,桩端置于浅部粉细砂层的短桩与桩端置于深部粉质粘土层的长桩的单桩承载力接近,设计极限荷载下,短桩桩顶沉降明显大于长桩,但均小于一般桩基沉降控制标准;长短组合桩中,短桩主要用于提高承载力,长桩主要用于控制沉降。本文结果可为长短组合桩理论研究和优化工程设计提供有益参考。     

Reduction of dioxin emission by a multi-layer reactor with bead-shaped activated carbon in simulated gas stream and real flue gas of a sinter plant

A laboratory-scale multi-layer system was developed for the adsorption of PCDD/Fs from gas streams at various operating conditions, including gas flow rate, operating temperature and water vapor content. Excellent PCDD/F removal efficiency (>99.99%) was achieved with the multi-layer design with bead-shaped activated carbons (BACs). The PCDD/F removal efficiency achieved with the first layer adsorption bed decreased as the gas flow rate was increased due to the decrease of the gas retention time. The PCDD/F concentrations measured at the outlet of the third layer adsorption bed were all lower than 0.1 ng I-TEQ Nm⁻³. The PCDD/Fs desorbed from BAC were mainly lowly chlorinated congeners and the PCDD/F outlet concentrations increased as the operating temperature was increased. In addition, the results of pilot-scale experiment (real flue gases of an iron ore sintering plant) indicated that as the gas flow rate was controlled at 15 slpm, the removal efficiencies of PCDD/F congeners achieved with the multi-layer reactor with BAC were better than that in higher gas flow rate condition (20 slpm). Overall, the lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments indicated that PCDD/F removal achieved by multi-layer reactor with BAC strongly depended on the flow rate of the gas stream to be treated.