吸气式感烟火灾探测系统采样管网模拟仿真

通过对吸气式感烟火灾探测系统采样管网进行流体力学分析,建立了采样管网系统力学数学模型,采用了面向对象的编程技术,编制了工程管网设计模拟仿真软件,实现各采样点的探测灵敏度及探测响应时间的计算和对采样孔径的优化调整,在实际应用中取得良好效果。     

Removal of Fe(II) from the wastewater of a galvanized pipe manufacturing industry by adsorption onto bentonite clay

Bentonite clay has been used for the adsorption of Fe(II) from aqueous solutions over a concentration range of 80-200 mg/l, shaking time of 1-60 min, adsorbent dosage from 0.02 to 2 g and pH of 3. The process of uptake follows both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and also the first-order kinetics. The maximum removal (>98%) was observed at pH of 3 with initial concentration of 100 mg/l and 0.5 g of bentonite. The efficiency of Fe(II) removal was also tested using wastewater from a galvanized pipe manufacturing industry. More than 90% of Fe(II) can be effectively removed from the wastewater by using 2.0 g of the bentonite. The effect of cations (i.e. zinc, manganese, lead, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, chromium and copper) on the removal of Fe(II) was studied in the concentration range of 10-500 mg/l. All the added cations reduced the adsorption of Fe(II) at high concentrations except Zn. Column studies have also been carried out using a certain concentration of wastewater. More than 99% recovery has been achieved by using 5 g of the bentonite with 3M nitric acid solution.     

油气输送用焊接钢管可靠性评估方法

笔者研究并建立了焊接钢管焊缝漏检缺陷的概率分布模型及材料性能、输送压力的概率分布模型 ;采用失效评估图 (FAD)技术 ,引入可靠性理论 ,建立了油气输送管线用焊接钢管的可靠性评估模型和方法 ,即基于FAD技术的Monte Carlo方法 ;计算得出西气东输用焊接钢管的失效概率低于 10 -5,可靠度超过 0 .99999,达到DNVRPF10 1标准对管道可靠度的要求。     

COST EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM USING DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING1

ABSTRACT: Efficient operation of a city water supply system is an important goal of all municipalities. Efficient operation should result in minimum operation cost through reduction in total energy use and/ or reduction in on-peak energy consumption. An optimization model was designed for operating the water supply systems of cities using groundwater. The Newton-Raphson pipe network was used for network analysis and a dynamic programming optimization algorithm was used for determining a schedule for pump operation in the pipe network system. The model is most suitable for use in small cities with up to 45,000 in population, but with large-scale disintegration techniques may also be used for larger cities. The savings in operation costs are a function of energy cost and energy use pattern and water use pattern in the area.     

抽油井"三防装置"的研制与应用

针对油井存在的盘根漏油、普通电机顶丝无法顸紧电机、普通防盗取样器防盗效果差等问题,介绍了研制的叠加复式盘根盒装置、万能顶丝及双重防盗取样器的使用效果,现场应用表明这些装置能确保抽油机井安全经济运行。     

底盘发动机排烟管高温涂料耐腐蚀性能对比分析与应用

目的 针对底盘发动机排烟管在某海洋大气环境中腐蚀防护难度大的问题,对4种高温涂料进行耐腐蚀性能对比分析与应用。方法 分别采用试片高温试验、户外暴露试验和排烟管实装实地验证等方法对3种改性有机硅、1种无机硅酸盐共4种高温涂层的耐高温、耐腐蚀性能及应用效果进行测试与分析。结果 高温涂层试片的高温试验、户外暴露试验结果表明,3种改性有机硅涂层600 ℃的耐高温性能、耐腐蚀性能优于无机硅酸盐涂层,但试片经600 ℃高温烧蚀后进行户外暴露试验的结果表明,石墨掺杂有机硅涂层耐蚀性优于其余3种涂层,无机硅酸盐涂层优于氟树脂改性有机硅、环氧改性有机硅涂层。排烟管实装实地验证试验则表明,石墨掺杂有机硅涂料受到高温氧化、降水冷却、常温腐蚀等频繁交替作用下,腐蚀较快,氟树脂改性有机硅涂层的防护性较好,环氧改性有机硅涂层在高温区域腐蚀明显,无机硅酸盐涂层中锌粉和铸铁基体存在明显腐蚀。结论 相对于传统的银粉漆,4种高温涂层显著改善了排烟管的腐蚀防护性能。在上述4种试验条件下,4种高温涂层的耐高温、耐腐蚀等性能各有优劣,需要根据4种涂层各自的性能不足进行改进。在实际工况条件下,氟树脂改性有机硅耐涂层满足发动机排烟管在某海洋大气环境中不低于1 a免维护的使用要求,其他2种有机硅涂层、1种无机硅酸盐涂层则需要一定程度维护。     

火焰原子吸收法测定水中铁的质量控制指标研究

本文研究了火焰原子吸收法测定水中铁的质量控制指标,全国共12个省份的46家实验室参加测定工作,提供了具有全国性指导意义的工作参考数据.研究结果为:标准样品在0.2～4.0mg/L浓度范围内的RSD≤3.0%,RSD'≤10.0%,室间标准偏差≤0.10mg/L;浓度≤2.0mg/L时,RE≤±10.0%,2.0～4.0...     

爆炸性气体在连续拐弯管道中传播特性的实验研究

针对复杂燃气管网燃气爆炸致灾严重,传播规律复杂的问题,利用实验室加工成的连续拐弯管道,模拟研究了复杂燃气管网爆炸性气体通过连续拐弯管道时的火焰传播速度、爆炸波超压变化情况。研究结果表明,当整个管道内充满瓦斯气体时,通过连续拐弯后,火焰传播速度和爆炸波超压值产生显著变化,在连续拐弯管道拐弯处为一扰动源,诱导附加湍流,气流湍流度增大,管道拐弯增加了燃烧区的湍流度,火焰燃烧产生加速度,加速燃烧产生更大能量以推动加速传播。研究结果对指导现场如何防治复杂燃气管网气体爆炸,减轻爆炸的威力具有重要作用。     

Distinct roles of pH and organic ligands in the dissolution of goethite by cysteine

Electron shuttles such cysteine play an important role in Fe cycle and its availability in soils,while the roles of pH and organic ligands in this process are poorly understood.Herein,the reductive dissolution process of goethite by cysteine were explored in the presence of organic ligands.Our results showed that cysteine exhibited a strong reactivity towards goethite-a typical iron minerals in paddy soils with a rate constant ranging from 0.01 to0.1 hr-1.However,a large portion of Fe(Ⅱ) appeare...     

混合氢管道的腐蚀失效分析

针对原油劣质化导致蜡油加氢处理装置原料中硫、氮、氯等腐蚀性杂质含量增加,装置腐蚀风险增大等情况,通过分析加氢处理装置混合氢管道的腐蚀状况,试验测定了管道所处的环境中介质的腐蚀性杂质的类型和含量,分析了管道材料的化学成分,进行了管道材料的金相组织分析,以及腐蚀穿孔部位材料的电子显微分析和微区EDX分析,对管道内部的流体流动状态进行了模拟计算,确定了混合氢管道三通的腐蚀失效原因,提出了防止管道腐蚀失效的技术措施。