LS系列硫磺回收催化剂工业装置使用总结

对比总结了LS系列催化剂的使用情况，结果表明，在一级转化器均装填LS-931Al2O3基催化剂的前提下，二级转化器上部装填LS－971脱氧保护型催化剂，下部装填LS－811Al2O3催化剂后，与单纯使用LS－931催化剂相比，单器转化率由64．1％提高到70．1％，有机硫水解率由96％提高到接近100％，两项合计使装置总硫转化率由95．1％提高到96．2％，若与两个转化器全部使用LS－811催化剂相比，则装置总硫转化率可由94．49％提高到96．2％使用效果更加显著。     

Cyclohexane oxidation and carbon deposition over metal oxide catalysts

Catalytic activity of V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Zr and Ce oxides over an -alumina support was evaluated for cyclohexane oxidation under oxygen deficient conditions in order to understand the relation between carbon deposition and catalytic activity/selectivity. Carbon formation over the catalysts during the oxidation reaction was measured by means of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Catalysts Mn/Al₂O₃ and Ce/Al₂O₃, which are selective for deep oxidation of cyclohexane, possessed relatively carbon free surfaces. The catalysts with relatively high carbon deposition (V, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Zr) produced CO in addition to CO₂. Traces of formaldehyde were produced over the catalysts Mo and V.     

催化超临界水氧化对氨基苯酚

采用CuO／γ-Al2O3和MnO2/γ-Al2O3为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂，在一连续流固定床反应器中进行了超临界水氧化对氨基苯酚实验。实验结果表明，CuO和MnO2催化剂对于对氨基苯酚的氧化降解具有显著的促进作用。对氨基苯酚的去除率随反应温度和压力的升高、停留时间的延长而提高，在24～26MPa和400～450℃条件下，数秒钟内COD去除率可达到99％以上，催化剂CuO／γ-Al2O3的催化效果优于MnO2／γ-Al2O3。证明了催化超临界水氧化技术的高效性。     

MnO_2基材料常温催化降解甲醛研究进展

甲醛(HCHO)是室内空气中的主要污染物之一,已被世界卫生组织确定为致癌和致畸形物质,对人体健康构成了极大威胁。常温催化技术在室温下即可将甲醛降解为无毒无害的CO_2和H2O,能耗低,具有较好的应用前景。二氧化锰(MnO_2)具有价格低廉、环境友好等优势,且晶型种类多,表现出优异的甲醛催化性能,具有较大的实际应用价值而被广泛研究。本文综述了MnO_2基催化剂,包括离子掺杂MnO_2、MnO_2固溶体和负载型MnO_2的甲醛催化活性及其制备方法,并探讨了其活性影响因素、常温催化反应机理,分析了其研究现状及发展趋势。     

Removal of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives from Aqueous Effluents by Fenton and Fenton-like Processes as an Alternative to Direct Biological Treatment

The removal of various phenolic acids (p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids), typically found in wastewaters of agricultural origin, from model effluents by chemical and biological means has been investigated. Chemical oxidation processes comprising hydrogen peroxide and a homogeneous or heterogeneous copper or iron catalyst were employed over a wide range of experimental conditions. Chemical oxidation is capable of removing most of the total organic carbon initially present in the effluent at relatively mild treatment conditions (i.e. reaction times up to 120 min and temperatures up to 80°C), while removal rates generally increase with increasing temperature, H₂O₂ and catalyst concentrations. The anaerobic degradability and toxicity of p-coumaric acid has been assessed using the biochemical methane potential and anaerobic toxicity assay respectively. p-Coumaric acid, at concentrations below about 1 g/L, is not toxic against methanogens and slowly degrades over a period of about 35 days at 35°C. In light of this, chemical oxidation may provide a promising alternative to direct biological treatment for either the partial or complete removal of phenolic acids at reasonable treatment times; the implications for wastewater treatment are discussed.     

用CuSO4-KAl(SO4)2-Na2MoO4作催化剂快速测定COD

本文提出以CuSO_4-KAl(SO_4)_2-Na_2MoO_4作催化剂,在H_2SO_4-H_3PO_4混酸中快速测定废水COD新方法。正交实验测定的最佳条件是:CuSO_4 0.4g;KAl(SO_4)_2 1.8g;Na_2MoO_4 0.5g;H_2SO_4:H_3PO_4=3(体积比);回流时间0.5h。通过对废水COD的测定,取得与标准法相近的结果。回流时间缩短为0.5h,试剂费用降低50％。     

MoO3/TiO2催化剂对NH3选择性催化还原NOx的研究

通过共混法制备MoO3／TiO2催化剂,还原脱除NOx的研究．对于100目的催化剂,并在固定床反应器中进行了NH3选择性催化在较低温度下(≤583K),升高温度和降低空速,NOx脱除率提高;在反应温度较高时,NH3氧化的副反应的影响加强,此时过度延长反应时间和提高反应温度反而会使NOx脱除率降低．在583K和空速为12kh“时,NOx转化率可达92％．FT-IR光谱和XRD分析结果表明,MoO3形成分散相,均匀分布在TiO2颗粒表面并形成稳定的Mo=0基,它的加入没有影响TiO2(锐态矿型)的结构和形貌．     

金属催化剂对油漆板材催化热解产物的影响

研究使用CaCO3、CaO、Fe2O3、还原铁粉、Na2CO35种金属催化剂对油漆板材进行热解,收集固、液两相产物进行产率计算和检测分析.结果表明,5种催化剂都有效提高了热解固相产物的产率,CaCO3、Na2CO3以及还原铁粉可以增加液相产品产率.钛元素在所有催化热解固相产物含量均较高,可能造成潜在的环境污染.热解液相...     

改进钒基SCR脱硝催化剂的抗碱金属中毒性能

以锐钛矿型二氧化钛和钛钨粉(5%WO3-TiO2)为载体,制备了系列钒和钨负载量不同的钒钛催化剂,考察碱金属和碱土金属(钾、钠和钙)对催化剂在氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)氮氧化物反应中催化活性的影响。钾、钠和钙对钒钛催化剂的中毒影响大小顺序为钾钠钙。提高钒钛催化剂中钒的含量可显著提高催化剂的SCR活性和抗碱金属中毒性能,但高钒负载量(4.5%V2O5)造成催化剂氮气选择性明显下降,氧化亚氮生成显著增加。钨的添加有利于提高钒钛催化剂的低温活性和抗碱金属中毒性能,对氮气选择性无明显影响。     

类水滑石衍生复合氧化物催化水解羰基硫的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列的类水滑石衍生复合氧化物催化剂,利用正交实验设计对催化剂的制备条件进行了优化,研究了金属组合、合成pH、M2+/M3+、二价金属比、焙烧温度和晶化温度等6个因素对羰基硫催化水解过程中催化剂硫容的影响。结果表明,金属组合、二价金属比和焙烧温度的影响极其显著(p=99%),晶化温度的影响显著(p=95%),合成pH与M2+/M3+对催化剂活性影响不显著(p=90%)。在设定实验条件下,金属组合取Co-Ni-Al、合成pH为9,M2+/M3+为3,二价金属比1,焙烧温度取350℃,晶化温度50℃时制得的催化剂具有最高的催化活性。对最佳制备条件下得到的催化剂进行了重复性实验以及XRD表征,结果表明制备的催化剂的硫容为7.10 g硫/g催化剂,Co3O4可能是其活性中心。