江汉平原旱涝时空分布特征

利用历史旱涝资料和现代降水资源，总结了江汉平原旱涝时空分布特点；（１）旱涝多发且涝多干旱。旱涝在年际上分配不均年昧涝等级序列呈现２年、５－６年、２２年、４０年左右变化 准周期。旱涝还存在持续性和转换性特点。（２）旱涝在季节上有集中性、夏季夏涝最多，秋旱多于春旱，而春涝多于秋涝，夏秋连旱亦多发；另我，夏季洪涝与秋冬干旱在一定程度上相关。（３）旱涝在空间分布上略有差别，北部有东北部旱较多，而南部涝交多     

江汉平原乡镇企业持续发展及对策研究

通过实地考察和访问调查，论述了江汉平原乡镇企业发展的特点，经诊断指出；江汉平原乡镇企业发展应立足于其发达的农业，处理好农业和非农产业的关系；也要重视非农业资源的开发和规模化建设，使城乡工业协调发展；更要发挥其区位优势，大力发展外向型经济，提出了其乡镇企业持续发展的具体对策。     

江汉平原的芦苇土壤资源和开发利用

研究了江汉平原芦苇土壤资源的分布特点，形成条件与肥力性质，所得结果指出了这些土壤资源开发利用中应注意的问题，为提高这些土壤资源的生产力并加以开发利用提出了一些建议。     

黑龙江省松嫩平原地区地下水环境状况调查研究

黑龙江省松嫩平原地区地下水环境状况研究表明,该地区地下水开发利用引发的主要环境问题是地下水开采过量导致区域性地下水位下降,水质污染日益加重,威胁地下水资源可持续利用。地下饮用水源地水质状况表明,工矿企业排污、农业面源污染和垃圾填埋场对地下饮用水源均已造成影响。     

Soil carbon sequestration and associated economic costs for farming systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plain: A meta-analysis

Soil organic carbon sequestration rates over 20 years based on the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) methodology were combined with local economic data to determine the potential for soil C sequestration in wheat-based production systems on the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The C sequestration potential of rice-wheat systems of India on conversion to no-tillage is estimated to be 44.1 Mt C over 20 years. Implementing no-tillage practices in maize-wheat and cotton-wheat production systems would yield an additional 6.6 Mt C. This offset is equivalent to 9.6% of India's annual greenhouse gas emissions (519 Mt C) from all sectors (excluding land use change and forestry), or less than one percent per annum. The economic analysis was summarized as carbon supply curves expressing the total additional C accumulated over 20 year for a price per tonne of carbon sequestered ranging from zero to USD 200. At a carbon price of USD 25 Mg C⁻¹, 3 Mt C (7% of the soil C sequestration potential) could be sequestered over 20 years through the implementation of no-till cropping practices in rice-wheat systems of the Indian States of the IGP, increasing to 7.3 Mt C (17% of the soil C sequestration potential) at USD 50 Mg C⁻¹. Maximum levels of sequestration could be attained with carbon prices approaching USD 200 Mg C⁻¹ for the States of Bihar and Punjab. At this carbon price, a total of 34.7 Mt C (79% of the estimated C sequestration potential) could be sequestered over 20 years across the rice-wheat region of India, with Uttar Pradesh contributing 13.9 Mt C.     

三江平原湿地生态环境监测与保护

本文从生态环境角度论述了三江平原湿地生态环境监测与保护现状,针对具体现状,提出了具体的保护措施。     

吉林省西部新增灌区水田非点源污染负荷估算

吉林省西部实施土地整理和引水工程新增水田1.53×105ha,同时暴露了以T-N、T-P和总盐量为特征污染物的严重的农田非点源污染问题。应用美国通用土壤流失量方程(USLE)和美国农业非点源管理与化学径流模型(CREAMS),结合典型流域单元试验农田连续监测,估算了吉林省西部地区盐碱地改水田新增非点源污染物TN、TP和总盐量年输出负荷。研究表明:吉林省西部新增水田非点源污染物输出总负荷:氮素4 029.561 t/a(26.337 kg/ha),磷素1 407.982 5 t/a(9.242 5 kg/ha),总盐分851 537.871 t/a(5 565.607kg/ha)。按照驱动作用力分析,降雨径流与农田排水共同驱动水田氮素流失,降雨径流是磷流失主要驱动力,田间排水是总盐分流失主要驱动力。     

三江平原湿地生态环境状况研究

采用微观监测和宏观监测相结合的方式,对三江平原湿地类型与面积、湿地水质、生物多样性进行了研究,并分析近5年内湿地景观的变化情况。结果显示:三江平原湿地以沼泽湿地为主,部分地区湿地水质受到污染,主要污染物为高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量、氨氮和石油类;湿地生物多样性丰富;2004～2009年,三江平原各类湿地面积变化很小。     

基于模糊综合分析法的引调水工程水质响应关系分析

为提升引调水工程的环境改善效果,须对水体的自身连通水平、水质现状、水环境主要影响因子进行分析。以太湖流域跃进联圩为研究对象,利用图论连通度理论对研究区域静态基流连通性进行评价,探索圩内水系连通性的空间差异及变化特性。同时,开展短期引调水实验,结合模糊综合分析法评价引调水带来的圩内水质变化情况及规律,研究圩内水环境和水系连通性的响应关系。结果表明,模糊综合评价法在引调水环境改善分析中具有适用性,可实现对圩内各监测点位水质变化的全面分析;水体流动性是影响圩区内水质的重要环境因素,高锰酸盐指数是导致圩内水质恶化的主要影响因子。引调水工程对圩区水环境具有一定的持续改善性作用,但对基流连通性较差的区域,改善效果有限。     

Volatile organic compounds in wintertime North China Plain: Insights from measurements of proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS)

The characteristics of wintertime volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the North China Plain (NCP) region are complicated and remain obscure. VOC measurements were conducted by a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) at a rural site in the NCP from November to December 2018. Uncalibrated ions measured by PTR-ToF-MS were quantified and the overall VOC compositions were investigated by combining the measurements of PTR-ToF-MS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID). The measurement showed that although atmospheric VOCs concentrations are often dominated by primary emissions, the secondary formation of oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) is non-negligible in the wintertime, i.e., OVOCs accounts for 42% ± 7% in the total VOCs (151.3 ± 75.6 ppbV). We demonstrated that PTR-MS measurements for isoprene are substantially overestimated due to the interferences of cycloalkanes. The chemical changes of organic carbon in a pollution accumulation period were investigated, which suggests an essential role of fragmentation reactions for large, chemically reduced compounds during the heavy-polluted stage in wintertime pollution. The changes of emission ratios of VOCs between winter 2011 and winter 2018 in the NCP support the positive effect of “coal to gas” strategies in curbing air pollutants. The high abundances of some key species (e.g. oxygenated aromatics) indicate the strong emissions of coal combustion in wintertime of NCP. The ratio of naphthalene to C8 aromatics was proposed as a potential indicator of the influence of coal combustion on VOCs.