济南市地下水硝酸盐污染研究

调查了济南市东郊工业区浅层地下水、南部山区补给区地下水及市区饮用水中硝酸盐现状及发展趋势。结果表明,工业区浅层地下水硝酸盐含量超出国家饮用水卫生标准;补给区地下水及市区饮用水硝酸盐也受到人类活动的影响,污染呈逐年上升趋势。分析了造成地下水硝酸盐污染的原因,提出了相应的防治措施与对策。     

济南市环境空气VOCs的化学反应活性及关键活性组分研究

对济南市2010年6月—2012年5月环境空气中55种VOCs监测数据进行分析,研究其反应活性及关键活性组分。结果表明,济南市环境空气VOCs的LOH和OFP的月变化规律与其月浓度变化趋势一致,夏季环境空气VOCs的浓度、LOH和OFP较大,是容易发生复合型大气污染的时段;济南市环境空气VOCs化学活性与其混合比之间具有良好的线性相关性,表明济南市环境空气中VOCs的化学组成具有一定的稳定性;VOCs的平均KOH远远超过乙烯的KOH,MIR与乙烯相当,说明济南市环境空气VOCs的化学反应活性较强;烯烃体积分数远远小于烷烃,但化学反应活性贡献率最高,且顺-二丁烯、丙烯、乙烯、丁烯、反-二丁烯、异戊二烯、苯乙烯、2-甲基-1-戊烯、顺-二戊烯、间,对-二甲苯、邻-二甲苯、甲苯、1,2,4-三甲基苯和环戊烷为济南市关键活性组分,因此,济南市高活性VOCs物种为烯烃,同时芳香烃和环戊烷对环境空气活性的贡献也不容忽视。     

Protection of urban features during urbanization based on the roles of springs in Jinan

Thirty-seven years since reform and opening up, China has sustained rapid economic growth and urbanization. However, there was inadequate protection of natural, historical, and cultural heritage, especially in the past 17 years, which led to the outcome that urban and rural construction lacked features. To rebuild our urban features during urbanization, and avoid destroying them, we should probe into the reason of lacking features and how to protect them. Therefore, taking Jinan City as an example, this paper explored the crisis and its causes of urban characteristics during the period of rapid urbanization based on discussing roles of spring features, including economic effects, social effects, ecological effects and so on. What is more, this paper listed and analyzed those protection measures taken by Jinan. The results showed that spring groups spewed again and kept for 8 years through those measures, which meant that urban characteristics restored. Thus, Jinan City provides successful and significant reference for other cities in restoring urban features during urbanization construction. Also, the author deemed that cities could recollect their urban features as long as they take reasonable measures.     

济南地区直翅目昆虫资源及其开发利用

本文报道了济南地区直翅目昆虫资源的种类组成，提出为害严重种类、优势种类、传统利用种类及易于捕捉或饲养种类共２４种，可作为本地区开发直翅目昆虫资源的首选类群。根据资源的生物学特性，本文讨论了开发利用的途径与措施     

Source apportionment of PM2.5 and visibility in Jinan, China

Atmospheric extinction is impacted by the chemical composition of particles. To better understand the chemical composition of PM_2.5 (particles with diameters of less than 2.5 μm) and its relationship with extinction, one-month sampling campaigns were carried out in four different seasons from 2013 to 2014 in Jinan, China. The seasonal average concentrations of PM_2.5 were 120.9 (autumn), 156.6 (winter), 102.5 (spring), and 111.8 μg/m³ (summer). The reconstructed PM_2.5 chemical composition showed that sulfate, nitrate, chlorine salt, organic matter (OM), mineral dust, elemental carbon (EC) and others accounted for 25%, 14%, 2%, 24%, 22%, 3% and 10%, respectively. The relationship between the chemical composition of PM_2.5 and visibility was reconstructed by the IMPROVE method, and ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, OM and EC dominated the visibility. Seven main sources were resolved for PM_2.5, including secondary particles, coal combustion, biomass burning, industry, motor vehicle exhaust, soil dust and cooking, which accounted for 37%, 21%, 13%, 13%, 12%, 3% and 1%, respectively. The contributions of different sources to visibility were similar to those to PM_2.5. With increasing severity of air pollution, the contributions of secondary particles and coal combustion increased, while the contribution of motor vehicle exhaust decreased. The results showed that coal combustion and biomass burning were still the main sources of air pollution in Jinan.     

济南市可持续发展状况评价研究

构建了济南市可持续发展指标体系,对济南市1999—2004年的可持续发展状况进行了评价分析,发现济南市在2002年以前可持续发展保持较好;2002年以后经济继续保持较快发展,但资源环境指数和社会发展指数出现下滑趋势,社会发展和环境改善未能与经济的发展保持同步,可持续发展出现出一定程度的不协调,并对济南市的可持续发展提出了对策和建议。     

济南市区水环境承载力现状及可持续性发展对策

基于济南市区水环境现状,建立了水环境承载力系统动力学模型,通过模拟在目前经济发展状况下水环境承载力的变化趋势,提出了提高济南市水环境承载能力的对策,从而为济南市水环境的可持续发展提供依据。     

基于库兹涅茨曲线经济增长与环境质量关系研究——以济南市为例

通过分析济南市经济发展与环境污染现状,采用层次分析法,选取了全社会固定资产投资作为经济指标,以工业废水、废气排放量及工业固体废物产生量作为环境指标。运用统计软件SPSS对济南市近几年经济发展与环境污染的关系进行相关分析,发现济南市的经济增长与环境污染之间存在着密切关系。对所得指标进行标准化处理,用SPSS进行曲线分析模拟,做出经济指标与各环境指标的回归模型图。结合环境经济学的库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)对济南市经济发展与环境污染的曲线图进行分析,发现济南市还没达到EKC的稳定阶段,不能走“先污染后治理”的模式,为此需要改变经济发展模式,实施可持续发展,完善环境政策,提高全民环境意识。     

济南市耕地变化与社会经济的相关分析

利用济南市1978年以来的统计资料,分析了济南市耕地与社会经济的动态变化过程,建立了耕地变化与社会经济的定量相关模型,预测了济南市的耕地将保持缓慢减少的趋势,建议采取有效的耕地保护措施,利用政策驱动来控制耕地减少,实现耕地总量的动态平衡.     

城郊生态过渡带的特点及建设模式(九)——以济南市为例

城郊生态过渡带是一种特殊的过渡类型。以济南市为例,依据生态学原理,在分析了城郊生态过渡带的特点及其环境问题基础上提出了以可持续发展等思想为指导,因地制宜,建设城郊生态园的新型发展模式,促进城郊生态环境的保护和改善。