To improve the management of discharge pollutants loads in the reservoirs’ watershed, an approach of the allowable pollutants loads calculation and its allocation, based on the water environment model, was proposed. Establishment of the approach framework was described at first. Under the guidance of this framework, two major steps were as follows: modeling and scenario analysis were involved and should be applied to support the decision of discharge loads management; Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model was selected as the kernel model in this framework. In modeling step, spatial discretization for establishing cell map in model, data preprocessing, parameter calibration and uncertainty analysis (which is considered as the significantly relevant factor of the margin of safety (MOS)), were conducted. As a result of the research, the model-based approach presented as a combination of estimation and precise calculation, which contributed to scenario analysis step. Some integrated modules, such as scenario simulation, result analysis and plan optimization were implemented as cycles in the scenario analysis. Finally, allowable pollutant loads under various conditions were calculated. The Chaihe Reservoir in Liaoning Province, China was used as a case study for an application of the approach described above. Results of the Chaihe reservoir water quality simulation, show good agreement with field data and demonstrated that the approach used in the present study provide an efficient and appropriate methodology for pollutant load allocation. 相似文献
Identifying source information after river chemical spill occurrences is critical for emergency responses. However, the inverse uncertainty characteristics of this kind of pollution source inversion problem have not yet been clearly elucidated. To fill this gap, stochastic analysis approaches, including a regional sensitivity analysis method, identifiability plot and perturbation methods, were employed to conduct an empirical investigation on generic inverse uncertainty characteristics under a well-accepted uncertainty analysis framework. Case studies based on field tracer experiments and synthetic numerical tracer experiments revealed several new rules. For example, the release load can be most easily inverted, and the source location is responsible for the largest uncertainty among the source parameters. The diffusion and convection processes are more sensitive than the dilution and pollutant attenuation processes to the optimization of objective functions in terms of structural uncertainty. The differences among the different objective functions are smaller for instantaneous release than for continuous release cases. Small monitoring errors affect the inversion results only slightly, which can be ignored in practice. Interestingly, the estimated values of the release location and time negatively deviate from the real values, and the extent is positively correlated with the relative size of the mixing zone to the objective river reach. These new findings improve decision making in emergency responses to sudden water pollution and guide the monitoring network design.
赤水河是茅台酒酿造用水的水源地,其环境承载能力和水质质量与该流域微生物的群落息息相关,而目前赤水河浮游细菌群落组成、功能及其与水质之间的关系研究开展较少.本研究以茅台酒厂采水点为中心,在其上中下游设置了W1~W6共6个采样点,采用16S rDNA Miseq高通量测序技术研究了赤水河浮游细菌群落的组成及其功能.结果表明浮游细菌群落主要由55门、167纲、415目、706科、1431属组成,假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和马赛菌属（Massilia）是相对优势种群.此外,W1和W3采样点样品与其他采样点样品相比,群落组成差异较大.冗余分析表明CODMn、COD和DO是影响群落组成的显著因素（p<0.05）,其与NH3-N、pH、TN、Novosphingobium、Stenotrophomona和Pontibacter等参数是该流域浮游细菌群落网络的重要节点.使用PICRUSt2软件对该水源地微生物群落的功能进行预测,结果显示其功能主要涉及代谢（metabolism）、环境信息处理（environmental information processing）、遗传信息处理（genetic information processing）等6类生物代谢通路和碳水化合物代谢（carbohydrate metabolism）、氨基酸代谢（amino acid metabolism）、能量代谢（energy metabolism）、辅助因子和维生素的代谢（metabolism of cofactors and vitamins）等46个子功能.本研究探明了赤水河浮游细菌群落组成和功能及其与环境因子的相互联系,丰富了赤水河地区的第一手研究资料,为改善其水域环境提供了参考. 相似文献
