基于PMF模型解析九龙江河口表层沉积物重金属来源

为研究九龙江河口表层沉积物中重金属来源,分析测定了表层沉积物中15种重金属含量,并用正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)解析表层沉积物中重金属来源。结果表明,九龙江河口表层沉积物中大部分重金属相对福建省土壤环境背景值已存在一定程度的富集。各重金属在研究区域分布差异较大,其中Co、Rb和Th属于低分异; Be、V、Ni、Zn、Sr、Mo、Cd、Pb、Hg和U属于中等分异; Cr和Cu属于高分异。沉积物中重金属实测值与PMF模型预测值拟合曲线呈现较好相关性,PMF模型结果与铅同位素示踪结果相近,能满足研究需要。九龙江河口表层沉积物中重金属主要来源有自然源、化石燃料燃烧、农业活动和采矿活动,其对表层沉积物中重金属的综合贡献率分别为35. 6%、32. 5%、11. 2%和20. 7%。     

基于PMF模型的兰州耕地土壤重金属来源解析

为了分析Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Ni等8种重金属的污染状况、空间分布及污染来源.2019年9月共采集382个兰州耕地表层土壤样品,并测定其重金属含量.结果表明：①兰州市耕地土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Ni的平均含量分别为20.96,0.24,0.05,6.40,8.36,48.57,101.92,34.34mg/kg,其中Hg的均值超过国家土壤污染风险筛选值,Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn、Ni的均值超过兰州市土壤背景值.内罗梅综合指数表明研究区耕地52.62%样点呈现轻度污染,37.70%样点呈现中度污染,3.66%样点呈现重度污染,无重金属污染的样点占6.02%.潜在生态风险指数表明13.09%的样点属于轻微生态风险,68.85%的样点属于中等生态风险,17.54%的样点属于强生态风险,0.52%的样点属于很强生态风险.②基于PMF模型可知8种重金属有4种主要来源,其中Pb、Cd、Zn、Ni以交通运输源为主,贡献率分别为52.4%、50.7%、56.7%和50.2%;Hg以农业活动和医疗设备源为主,贡献率为83.7%;Cr、Cu和Ni以自然源为主,贡献率分别为81.2%和61.3%和49.8%;As以工业活动源为主,贡献率为68.3%.③从空间分布来看,研究区内除Cr外,Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Zn、Ni在城关区和七里河区都有高值区出现,其中Zn和Ni的高值范围较广,可能与人为影响有关;Hg在城关区、安宁区、七里河区以外的研究区内均有高值出现.     

Simulated photo-degradation of dissolved organic matter in lakes revealed by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix with regional integration and parallel factor analysis

Simulated photo-degradation of fluorescent dissolved organic matter(FDOM) in Lake Baihua(BH) and Lake Hongfeng(HF) was investigated with three-dimensional excitationemission matrix(3 DEEM) fluorescence combined with the fluorescence regional integration(FRI),parallel factor(PARAFAC) analysis,and multi-order kinetic models.In the FRI analysis,fulvic-like and humic-like materials were the main constituents for both BH-FDOM and HF-FDOM.Four individual components were identified by use of PARAFAC analysis as humic-like components(C1),fulvic-like components(C2),protein-like components(C3) and unidentified components(C4).The maximum 3 DEEM fluorescence intensity of PARAFAC components C1-C3 decreased by about 60%,70% and 90%,respectively after photo-degradation.The multi-order kinetic model was acceptable to represent the photo-degradation of FDOM with correlation coefficient(R_(adj)~2)(0.963-0.998).The photo-degradation rate constants(k_n) showed differences of three orders of magnitude,from 1.09 x 10~(-6) to 4.02 x 10~(-4) min-1,and half-life of multi-order model(T_(1/2)~n)ranged from 5.26 to 64.01 min.The decreased values of fluorescence index(FI) and biogenic index(BI),the fact that of percent fluorescence response parameter of Region I(P_(Ⅰ,n)) showed the greatest change ratio,followed by percent fluorescence response parameter of Region II(P_(Ⅱ,n),while the largest decrease ratio was found for C3 components,and the lowest T_(1/2)~n was observed for C3,indicated preferential degradation of protein-like materials/components derived from biological sources during photodegradation.This research on the degradation of FDOM by 3 DEEM/FRI-PARAFAC would be beneficial to understanding the photo-degradation of FD OM in natural environments and accurately predicting the environmental behaviors of contaminants in the presence of FDOM.     

基于乡镇尺度的西南重金属高背景区土壤重金属生态风险评价

西南地区土壤重金属具有天然的高背景属性,在重金属高背景区开展生态风险评价和识别重金属潜在来源具有重要意义.以往工作主要以区域尺度的调查工作为主,调查精度难以满足空间规划和自然资源管理的需求,迫切需要在乡镇尺度上进行生态风险评价.云南省宣威市热水镇是典型的碳酸盐岩覆盖区,重金属来源复杂,潜在生态风险较高.本文在热水镇采集土壤表层样品(0～20 cm)1 092件,分析表层土壤中8种重金属(Cd、 Cr、 As、 Hg、 Pb、 Cu、 Zn和Ni)含量,采用统计学、地理信息系统、地累积指数、生态风险指数和正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)等方法开展生态风险评价和重金属源解析.研究发现,土壤中重金属Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Hg、 Ni和Zn含量平均值和中位数均超过云南省土壤背景值,Cd、 Cr、 Cu和Ni平均含量均超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618-2018)规定的筛选值.地累积指数结果表明,研究区表层土壤污染最严重的是Cu,其次是Cr和Cd.土壤重金属Cr、 As、 Pb、 Cu、 Zn和Ni多以残渣态存在,多来自于地质背景,生物有效性较低,Hg的潜在有效组分...     

Stimulation of human amniotic fluid cell proliferation and colony formation by cell plating on a naturally produced extracellular matrix

Human amniotic fluid cells exhibit a higher cloning efficiency and rate of cell proliferation when maintained on dishes coated with a naturally produced extracellular matrix (ECM) in comparison with the regular tissue culture plastic. In 22 out of 31 amniotic fluid samples there was by plating the cells on ECM a 2–6 fold increase in number and size of colonies and in the cell density per colony as detected by actual staining and viewing of each colony. These effects yielded, in 21 of 41 additional samples, a reduction ranging from 2–8 days, in the culture time elapsing between amniocentesis and the first harvesting of cells for chromosomal analysis. An even greater effect was obtained with primary cells that failed to attach to plastic surfaces and stayed floating in the medium but did attach and proliferate when seeded on ECM. Cells that were left firmly attached to ECM after the first trypsinization and harvesting of cells for chromosomal analysis yielded colonies ready for second karyotyping in less than half the time required for cells maintained on plastic. Studies with secondary cultures of human amniotic fluid cells have demonstrated a 5–10 fold decrease in serum requirement of cells cultured on ECM as compared with plastic. Addition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to the cultures further potentiated the effects of ECM. The ECM induced stimulation of cell attachment and proliferation was not associated with any chromosomal anomalies, nor did it interfere with the handling procedure. ECM coated dishes may be useful to reduce the time interval between amniocentesis and diagnosis, in particular when the amniotic cells exhibit an exceedingly slow rate of proliferation on plastic or when large quantities of cells are required for enzymatic studies.     

基于关系矩阵和模糊集合的煤与瓦斯突出综合评价

用关系矩阵确定表征各影响因素在煤与瓦斯突出地位中的因素活动性指数，并利用模糊集合理论中的隶属变化量化手段确定单因素分级指数，最后综合两种指数求得反映煤与瓦斯突出的危险性系数。此方法在平顶山煤业集团预测煤与瓦斯突出中的应用表明：基于关系矩阵和模糊集合的煤与瓦斯突出综合评价是可行的。     

应用层次分析法研究呼和浩特石化分公司环境保护的问题

本文应用层次分析法对可能影响呼和浩特炼油厂环境保护工作的各种因素和将采取的对策措施进行排序、分析，阐明了当前影响该厂环境保护工作各类因素的主次顺序，为本厂环境保护工作提高提供了理论依据。     

基于遥感与GIS的海口市土地利用结构动态变化研究

利用1986、1996和2000年三期TM遥感图像,得到海口市1986～1996和1996～2000年土地变化情况及土地利用转移矩阵。海口市的土地变化规律表现为耕地、林地、滩涂及未利用地转化为城镇、农村居民点和独立工矿建设用地。通过分维度的分析可以看出,海口市林地、水体等自然景观随着人类的干扰,分维度降低;耕地面积大量减少,分维数降低;城镇扩大,斑块数量减小,用地趋于集中;农村居民点和工矿建设用地增加,用地趋于分散,复杂度增加。海口市土地结构变化的主导因素是城镇面积的扩大,其次是农村居民点和工矿建设用地的扩大。随着城市化的发展和农村用地扩大,海口市土地结构表现为利用程度逐渐深化的趋势。     

胶州湾赤潮暴发水体中溶解有机物质荧光特征

利用荧光激发-发射矩阵光谱(Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy,EEMS)技术研究了胶州湾2004-02赤潮暴发期间水体中溶解有机物类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光特性,探讨了各种荧光性质与浮游植物增殖、溶解有机碳、盐度、溶解氧和pH的关系,并对切向超滤前后类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光的变化进行了初步评估.结果表明,赤潮过程中溶解有机物类蛋白荧光较强而类腐殖质荧光较弱,并且高和低激发波长类蛋白荧光同源;类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光强度与叶绿素a的对应关系与浮游植物的增殖阶段有关,但整体趋势上却是随着浮游植物量的增大而增强,并且浮游植物量越大,新生成的有机物质占的比例也越大;类蛋白荧光以及类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光强度之比与溶解有机碳具有较好的正相关性,表明赤潮过程中溶解有机物主要由新生成的物质组成;盐度、溶解氧和pH对类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光的影响很小;切向超滤前后类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光峰的位置基本一致,切向超滤前后荧光平衡差于溶解有机碳平衡,在切向超滤的评价上,荧光只能作为溶解有机碳平衡的一个补充.     

某机载雷达多自由度振动参考谱制定研究

本文阐述了一种基于实测振动数据的机载雷达多自由度振动参考谱制定方法。采用坐标变换法,在时域内从结构的加速度响应中提取出结构的刚体自由度振动。通过对结构刚体自由度振动的信号分析,得到各自由度的自功率谱密度(PSD)和各自由度之间的相干函数γ2(f)和相位θ(f),形成多自由度振动试验参考谱矩阵。用此参考谱进行多轴振动环境试验,可真实地模拟机载雷达的实际振动环境。