模糊数学模型在外排废水综合评价中的应用

引入模糊数学中隶属度、权重及模糊矩阵的概念,综合考虑各污染因子状况以确定外排废水的水质情况,更加合理地刻划其外排废水的污染程度,从中找出治理重点,有针对性地加强治理,改善环境。     

水污染防治成套技术系统成熟度评估方法研究:以湖滨带生态修复技术评估为例

在水专项技术就绪度评估准则的基础上,对水污染防治成套技术成熟度进行研究,并以湖滨带生态修复技术为例进行实例验证。成套技术成熟度不仅与技术成熟度有关,还与技术之间的集成成熟度有关,采用系统成熟度矩阵算法计算成套技术成熟度。通过对湖滨带生态修复技术"十一五之前"、"十一五"、"十二五"系统成熟度评估,对湖滨带生态修复技术发展情况进行掌控,结果表明发展程度较低的技术是制约整个系统成熟度的瓶颈。     

中国PM2.5跨区域传输特征数值模拟研究

基于CAMx空气质量模型的颗粒物来源追踪技术(PSAT)定量模拟了全国PM2.5及其化学组分的跨区域输送规律,建立了全国31个省市(源)向333个地级城市(受体)的PM2.5及其化学组分传输矩阵.基于此传输矩阵,从区域、省、城市3个空间尺度解析了PM2.5及其主要组分,包括一次PM2.5、硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐的空间来源.结果表明,跨区域传输对重点区域、省及京津冀典型城市的PM2.5污染均有显著贡献,其中京津冀、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲区域及成渝城市群PM2.5年均浓度受区域外省市的贡献分别达到22%、37%、28%、14%;海南、上海、江苏、浙江、吉林、江西等省PM2.5年均浓度受省外源贡献超过45%;北京、天津、石家庄PM2.5年均浓度受省外源影响分别达到37%、42%、33%.     

HAZOP技术在硫磺回收联合装置的应用

介绍了HAZOP技术应用的有关法规要求和技术要点,并将该技术应用于在役硫磺回收联合装置,系统识别了装置存在的工艺危险和可操作性问题,利用风险矩阵评估了事故场景的风险等级,提出了建议措施。     

Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on sludge dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substances distribution in mesophilic anaerobic digestion

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on sludge dewaterability was determined and the fate of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in mesophilic anaerobic digestion after ultrasonic pretreatment was studied. Characteristics of proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS), excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular weight (MW) distribution of dissolved organic matters (DOM) in different EPS fractions were evaluated. The results showed that after ultrasonic pretreatment, the normalized capillary suction time (CST) decreased from 44.4 to 11.1 (sec·L)/g total suspended solids (TSS) during anaerobic digestion, indicating that sludge dewaterability was greatly improved. The normalized CST was significantly correlated with PN concentration (R2 = 0.92, p 0.01) and the PN/PS ratio (R2 = 0.84, p 0.01) in the loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) fraction. Meanwhile, the average MW of DOM in the LB- EPS and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) fractions also had a good correlation with the normalized CST (R2 0.66, p 0.01). According to EEM fluorescence spectroscopy, tryptophan-like substances intensities in the slime, LB-EPS and TB-EPS fractions were correlated with the normalized CST. The organic matters in the EPS matrix played an important role in influencing sludge dewaterability.     

水质管理规划中BOD5响应矩阵的一种改型模式

本文推导对水质管理规划中经典BOD5响应矩阵的一种改型模式,并对数值例加以阐述.该模式以BOD5总量为控制对象,任一河流断面的BOD5输入量在此响应矩阵中仅出现一次,从而使响应关系由下三角矩阵改变为每一行均含三个变量的稀疏矩阵。这一改型不仅提高了计算速度,更重要的是,由于改型模式具有运输问题类型良好的特殊结构,可以方便地判断一个水质管理规划问题是否可行和给出可行的充分必要条件,这一特性具有较大的实际经济意义.改型模式与经典模式所需数据完全相同。      

The comparison of a revised Leopold matrix and fuzzy methods in environmental impact assessment,a case study: The construction of Al‐A'amiriya residential complex,Baghdad, Iraq

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an efficient method to recognize and alleviate the unfavorable and inevitable impacts of human activity on the environment. The EIA is dependent on expert opinions, which can be influenced by personal experience and knowledge. To evaluate this influence, we carried out EIA of 6,000 residential apartment units of Al‐A'amiriya, Baghdad, Iraq, using a revised Leopold matrix and fuzzy methods. The matrix results reflected the direct opinions of experts. The fuzzy method was developed according to the principles of expert comments. In the matrix method, the environmental impacts of each activity were evaluated by scores between −5 (very bad) to 5 (very good). The inputs to the fuzzy method were intensity and weather stability. The fuzzy estimation of the environmental impact was composed of a group of three values; P1 as the intensity, P2 as the extent, and P3 as the persistence. We gathered the expert opinions and used the Analytical Hierarchical Process to determine the weighting coefficient of each fuzzy anticipation. The matrix method was dependent on the expert opinions. The mean values of the matrix and P‐values in each column and row scores depict the impacts of a project on the environmental aspects and each element of construction on the environment. The comparison of the results indicated an average difference of 30% between the Leopold matrix and fuzzy methods. In regard to the availability and sufficiency of data, the difference was around 10%.     

Quantitative evaluation of collagen type VI and SOD gene expression in the nuchal skin of human fetuses with trisomy 21

Objective To investigate the involvement of the genes encoding for COL6A1, COLA2 and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) in the mechanism for the retention of subcutaneous fluid in fetuses with trisomy 21. Methods During a 7-month period (November 2004–May 2005), human fetal skin from the nuchal region was obtained from euploid fetuses and from fetuses with trisomy 21 following abortions and terminations of pregnancy. Cell cultures were performed from nuchal skin. Quantification of COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3 and SOD mRNAs were performed using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results Twelve fetuses were studied between 13–15 and 19–20 weeks of gestation including 7 cases of trisomy 21. A significant overexpression of genes of interest was demonstrated in trisomy 21 fetuses when compared with euploid fetuses, in the first and in the second trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.0001). Conclusion This study demonstrates a homogeneous overexpression of the genes encoding for α1 and α2 chains of Collagen type VI, and SOD in nuchal skin of human trisomy 21 fetuses. Persistence of this overexpression in the second trimester of pregnancy, despite the absence of an enlarged nuchal translucency (NT), may characterize some compensatory mechanisms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模糊矩阵法东莞理工学院校园声环境评价研究

随着城市建设的加快,噪声污染越来越严重,已经影响在校师生的正常学习与生活.以东莞理工学院为例,运用模糊矩阵法对该校园声环境质量进行综合评价.结果表明:该校园环境噪声普通存在超标现象,昼间超标率为14.36%,夜间超标率为22.67%.校园声环境隶属度可达0.34,属于中度污染.校内外交通和学生活动是校园主要噪声污染源,可采用增加校园绿化、加强校内交通管理与噪声管理等措施,改善校园声环境质量.     

聚合物基复合材料老化性能研究进展

分析了湿热老化、化学侵蚀和大气老化对复合材料的作用机理及对其力学性能的影响,阐述了上述环境作用下的聚合物基复合材料腐蚀寿命预测模型,提出了存在的主要问题及今后的发展趋势。认为材料腐蚀机理的细节、环境因素之间的交互作用、不同方法和装置之间的相关性是今后的研究重点。