安全系统安全完整性等级确定方法比较研究

安全完整性等级的确定是开发和设计安全相关系统的前提和基础。为避免因方法选择不当而导致安全完整性等级确定不恰当的问题,针对常用的后果法、风险矩阵法、改进的HAZOP法、风险图法、保护层分析法和定量分析法进行了对比研究。在阐述和分析安全完整性等级内涵及其确定原理的基础上,根据每种方法自身的特点,从准确性、可量化性、工作量和运用的难易程度等方面对其进行了对比和研究,并分析和探讨了选择安全完整性等级确定方法时应重点考虑的因素。研究结果对合理选择安全完整性等级确定方法具有一定的实用价值和借鉴意义。     

机场热点区域三选法研究

要预防机场活动区内航空器滑错滑行道或跑道,就必须有效、准确地识别机场活动区内可能发生混淆的热点区域。为此,在对比研究德尔菲法和头脑风暴法的基础上,提出矩阵法和模糊聚类分析2种定量研究模型。算例结果表明,矩阵法和模糊聚类分析的结果相互印证。结合德尔菲法、矩阵法和模糊聚类分析的三选法在识别机场热点区域过程中能够减少人为主观偏见,提高准确性和可靠性,识别精度总体优于单一的筛选方法。     

基于风险矩阵和LOPA的风险评价系统在油气管道的应用研究

为规范企业风险管理,在分析国内外各种先进风险管理技术的基础上,对风险矩阵法和保护层分析法(LOPA)进行了优化组合,开发了具有特色的组合风险评价方法,形成了具有鲜明特色的风险评价系统.风险评价系统可实现油气管道系统危害因素的系统识别、多层评价、分级管理、有序控制及监控.该风险评价系统在西部管道公司的长输油气管道系统得到了应用,实践效果表明,该风险评价系统能够规范公司风险管理工作,显著提升公司风险管理水平.     

基于因子交互作用矩阵的采空区危险度评价研究

基于因子交互作用影响矩阵及采空区危险度影响因子分析,选取12个采空区危险度主要影响因子,建立采空区危 险度多因子交互作用矩阵模型。通过专家打分法,确定各影响因子相互作用权值,得到影响矩阵对单一因子的影响值及 单一因子对矩阵系统的影响值,从而得出采空区危险度因子影响权重表。分析影响权重表,得到对采空区影响最大的因 子为矿柱尺寸及分布和岩体断裂及破损带。采用差值法,对采空区危险度进行等级划分,最后得到采空区危险度分级图 。经过实例验证,影响矩阵法分析评价结果与实际吻合,表明采用影响矩阵法评价采空区危险度是可行的,具有实际应用 意义,可在实际矿山工程中应用推广。     

G-CNTs/PVDF mixed matrix membranes with improved antifouling properties and filtration performance

A novel nanocomposite OMWCNT-A-GO was synthesized by conjugating OMWCNT and GO. The P-OMWCNT-A-GO membrane was fabricated by non-solvent induced phase inversion. The P-OMWCNT-A-GO exhibits the best water flux, BSA rejection and flux recovery. It should be due to the enhanced membrane pore size, porosity and hydrophilicity. Although carbon nanomaterials have been widely used as effective nanofillers for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with outstanding performances, the reproducibility of the fabricated MMMs is still hindered by the non-homogenous dispersion of these carbon nanofillers in membrane substrate. Herein, we report an effective way to improve the compatibility of carbon-based nanomaterials with membrane matrixes. By chemically conjugating the oxidized CNTs (o-CNTs) and GO using hexanediamine as cross-linker, a novel carbon nanohybrid material (G-CNTs) was synthesized, which inherited both the advanced properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO). The G-CNTs incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) MMMs (G-CNTs/PVDF) were fabricated via a non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The filtration and antifouling performances of G-CNTs/PVDF were evaluated using distillate water and a 1 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous solution under 0.10 MPa. Compared to the MMMs prepared with o-CNTs, GO, the physical mixture of o-CNTs and GO and pure PVDF membrane, the G-CNTs/PVDF membrane exhibited the highest water flux up to 220 L/m²/h and a flux recovery ratio as high as 90%, as well as the best BSA rejection rate. The excellent performances should be attributed to the increased membrane pore size, porosity and hydrophilicity of the resulted membrane. The successful synthesis of the novel nanohybrid G-CNTs provides a new type of nanofillers for MMMs fabrication.     

运用解释结构建模法分析影响企业安全的因素

运用解释结构建模方法对影响企业的安全因素进行分析,并确定了因素的级别和相互影响关系。     

碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土板耐火性能试验研究

对5块钢筋混凝土板(分别为未加固、采用有机胶或无机胶粘贴碳纤维加固、采取或不采取防火保护措施)进行标准火灾试验,得出了不同种类的胶粘剂和是否采取防火保护措施对高温下碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土板的破坏形态、跨中变形、耐火极限等的影响。试验结果表明:即使未采取任何防火保护措施,无机胶粘贴碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土板仍具有较好的耐火性能;未采取防火保护措施的情况下,有机胶粘贴碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土板的耐火性能比较差;有机胶粘贴碳纤维加固钢筋混凝土板,采取适当的防火保护措施后,可有效降低碳纤维粘贴层的温度,从而保证碳纤维与混凝土的粘结强度。     

Tourism policy,biodiversity conservation and management: a case of the Kruger National Park,South Africa

Management of Kruger National Park (KNP) has recently made considerable progress in developing new policies to address biodiversity conservation and management challenges. These include tourism, water provision and elephant management policies. This study examines the integration of these three policies with regard to biodiversity conservation and management. Findings indicate that in their current fragmented form, the three policies actually undermine opportunities for effective biodiversity conservation and management in the KNP. This can be reversed by adopting a new management approach based on an environmental matrix organizational framework. Such a framework provides a mechanism for integrated policymaking and implementation and for improving biodiversity conservation and management in the KNP. The study concludes that an integrated approach is necessary due to the interlinkages between policies that affect biodiversity conservation at the KNP.     

基于工作安全分析和风险矩阵法的自升式平台拖航作业风险评估

工作安全分析法(JSA)将所选择作业按顺序划分若干个步骤,对作业步骤逐步进行风险识别和分析,在工程中得到广泛应用。由于JSA法是一种定性风险分析方法,仅能从定性角度分析作业过程中存在的潜在风险,无法量化其可能性和严重度。将风险矩阵评估方法(Risk Matrix)引入JSA分析过程,结合自升式海洋平台拖航作业及行业评价指标特点,利用风险矩阵计算风险因素的风险度,提出控制和改进措施,得出不同作业步骤各类风险重要度和风险水平,为平台拖航作业安全保障提供指导依据。     

厌氧氨氧化菌混培物保藏方法的研究

厌氧条件下,采用了4℃以(NH4)2SO4为保藏基质、自然环境温度以(NH4)2SO4为保藏基质、4℃用NH4Cl代替(NH4)2SO4作为保藏基质3种方法保藏厌氧氨氧化菌混培物.结果表明,4℃以(NH4)2SO4为保藏基质的方法保藏厌氧氨氧化菌混培物最有效,但自然环境温度以(NH4)2SO4为保藏基质的方法保藏厌氧氨氧化菌混培物最经济;在保藏试验的5个月内,3种保藏方法下的厌氧氨氧化活性均先快速下降后趋于稳定,趋于稳定时的活性保留率分别为75.3%,66.3%和47.3%;恶劣的生存环境下,胞外多聚物不仅可维持厌氧氨氧化菌混培物颗粒结构的稳定性,还可使菌群聚集成团从而增大菌群密度以减少代谢过程中的能量损失;无外界颜色干扰时,厌氧氨氧化菌混培物颜色由血红素c含量决定,且与活性直接相关.