基于能值改进生态足迹的长株潭城市群可持续发展研究

为衡量和评价区域发展的可持续状况,针对传统生态足迹模型的不足,利用从系统论出发并具有基于流量算法优点的能值分析理论,建立基于能值改进的生态足迹模型,该模型增加了水消费、污染等生态足迹,用输入输出能值对生态足迹进行调整,同时生态承载力扩展为自然生态承载力、基于净初级生产力的生态承载力、生态服务价值承载力和人类劳务生态承载力等,并综合评价系统可持续发展度,充分考虑了城市生态系统的开放性,物质、能量、信息的流通性,以及人类作用的主观能动性等,较为全面地反映城市生态经济复合系统的结构、功能和发展的持续性。采用该模型计算了长株潭城市群2000～2008年人均生态足迹和生态承载力的演变,结果显示生态足迹不断增加,生态承载力波动发展,略有下降,而生态赤字增加明显,可持续发展评价指数高于05且趋近于1,城市群可持续性发展状况堪忧,采取必要的措施刻不容缓     

新时期科普期刊在防灾减灾工作中的作用——以《城市与减灾》期刊为例

对科普期刊在防灾减灾工作中的作用及重要性进行了阐述,并结合《城市与减灾》综合科普双月刊14年的办刊实践,总结了科普期刊的基本工作思路和方法.重点对今后如何进一步提高防灾减灾期刊编辑的质量进行了思考;认为办好防灾减灾期刊不仅是科普工作者的责任,而且是科技工作者的共同责任.优质服务是办刊的立足之本;期刊应走跨媒介的创新之路;按照文化产业的思路做大做强防灾减灾期刊.     

民族地区旅游产业发展中社区参与机制研究——以凤凰古城为例

为实现旅游产业的可持续发展,构建社区参与机制势在必行。从凤凰古城旅游产业发展为例,探讨了民族地区旅游发展中社区参与机制的原理,据此提出社区参与机制模型,并在政府、社区居民、古城开发商三个层面上提出推动社区参与机制建设的相关建议。     

荆州市污水处理厂污泥处置BOT项目的启示

介绍了荆州市污水处理厂污泥处置的现状,以及污泥无害化处置BOT项目的技术路线选择、营养土的市场分析、拦标价的测算和设定、BOT融资方式的优势等关键问题;分析了该项目的技术路线和融资模式,以及对国内污水处理厂污泥处置项目的示范作用和意义。     

济南市环境空气VOCs的化学反应活性及关键活性组分研究

对济南市2010年6月—2012年5月环境空气中55种VOCs监测数据进行分析,研究其反应活性及关键活性组分。结果表明,济南市环境空气VOCs的LOH和OFP的月变化规律与其月浓度变化趋势一致,夏季环境空气VOCs的浓度、LOH和OFP较大,是容易发生复合型大气污染的时段;济南市环境空气VOCs化学活性与其混合比之间具有良好的线性相关性,表明济南市环境空气中VOCs的化学组成具有一定的稳定性;VOCs的平均KOH远远超过乙烯的KOH,MIR与乙烯相当,说明济南市环境空气VOCs的化学反应活性较强;烯烃体积分数远远小于烷烃,但化学反应活性贡献率最高,且顺-二丁烯、丙烯、乙烯、丁烯、反-二丁烯、异戊二烯、苯乙烯、2-甲基-1-戊烯、顺-二戊烯、间,对-二甲苯、邻-二甲苯、甲苯、1,2,4-三甲基苯和环戊烷为济南市关键活性组分,因此,济南市高活性VOCs物种为烯烃,同时芳香烃和环戊烷对环境空气活性的贡献也不容忽视。     

大连市生产性服务业效率初探——基于DEA分析

基于数据包络分析,利用BCC模型和Malmquist模型分别衡量了2003--2009年大连市生产性服务业的综合效率和全要素生产率。研究结果表明,大连市生产性服务业总体呈规模收益递减状态,技术进步是推动大连市生产性服务业发展的主要动力,产业发展呈现较大波动性。     

大连市旅游业发展与经济增长关系研究

采用Johansen协整检验、误差修正机制、Granger因果检验、脉冲响应分析和方差分解等计量方法,对大连市旅游业发展和经济增长之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,大连市旅游业发展和经济增长存在长期均衡关系,存在从旅游业到经济增长的单向因果关系。在此基础上,提出进一步发展大连市旅游业的对策建议。     

Integrating urban ecosystem sustainability assessment into policy-making: insights from the Gold Coast City

This paper introduces a policy-making support tool called ‘Micro-level Urban-ecosystem Sustainability IndeX (MUSIX)’. The index serves as a sustainability assessment model that monitors six aspects of urban ecosystems – hydrology, ecology, pollution, location, design, and efficiency – based on parcel-scale indicators. This index is applied in a case study investigation in the Gold Coast City, Queensland, Australia. The outcomes reveal that there are major environmental problems caused by increased impervious surfaces from growing urban development in the study area. The findings suggest that increased impervious surfaces are linked to increased surface runoff, car dependency, transport-related pollution, poor public transport accessibility, and unsustainable built environment. This paper presents how the MUSIX outputs can be used to guide policy-making through the evaluation of existing policies.     

PCA and multidimensional visualization techniques united to aid in the bioindication of elements from transplanted <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphagnum palustre</Emphasis> moss exposed in the Gdańsk City Area

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: During the last decades, a technique for assessing atmospheric deposition of heavy elements was developed based on the principle that samples of moss are able to accumulate elements and airborne particles from rain, melting snow and dry deposition. Despite a broad interest in bioindication there are still ongoing works aimed at the preparation of a standard procedure allowing for a comparison of research carried out in various areas. This is why the comparison of living and dry moss of the same species and growth site seems to be interesting, logical and promising. A most reliable approach seems to be the application of bioindication connected with multivariate statistics and efficient visualization techniques in the interpretation of monitoring data. The aim of this study was: (i) to present cumulative properties of transplanted Sphagnum palustre moss with differentiation into dry and living biomaterial; (ii) to determine and geographically locate types of pollution sources responsible for a structure of the monitoring data set; (iii) to visualize geographical distribution of analytes in the Gdańsk metropolitan area and to identify the high-risk areas which can be targeted for environmental hazards and public health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A six month air pollution study based on Sphagnum palustre bioindication is presented and a simplified procedure of the experiment is given. The study area was located at the mouth of the Vistula River on the Baltic Sea, in Gdańsk City (Poland). Sphagnum palustre was selected for research because of its extraordinary morphological properties and its ease in being raised. The capability of dry and living moss to accumulate elements characteristic for anthropogenic and natural sources was shown by application of Principal Component Analysis. The high-risk areas and pollution profiles are detected and visualized using surface maps based on Kriging algorithm. RESULTS: The original selection of elements included all those that could be reliably determined by Neutron Activation Analysis in moss samples. Elimination of variables covered the elements whose concentrations in moss were lower than the reported detection limits for INAA for most observations or in cases where particular elements did not show any variation. Eighteen elements: a, Ca, Sc, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Br, Mo, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Th, were selected for the research presented. DISCUSSION: Two runs of PCA were performed since, in the first-run a heavy polluted location (Stogi - 'Sto') understood as outlier in the term of PCA approach was detected and results in the form of block diagrams and surface maps were presented. As ensues from the first-run PCA analysis, the factor layout for both indicators is similar but not identical due to the differences in the elements accumulation mechanism. Three latent factors ('phosphatic fertilizer plant impact', 'urban impact' and 'marine impact') explain over 89% and 82% of the total variance for dry and living moss respectively. In the second-run PCA three latent factors are responsible for the data structure in both moss materials. However, in the case of dry moss analysis these factors explain 85% of the total variance but they are rather hard to interpret. On the other hand living moss shows the same pattern as in first-run PCA. Three latent factors explain over 84% of the total variance in this case. The pollution profiles extracted in PCA of dry moss data differ tremendously between both runs, while no deterioration was found after removal of Stogi from data set in case of living moss. Performance of the second-run PCA with exception of Stogi as a heavy polluted location has led to the conclusion that living moss shows better indication properties than dry one. CONCLUSIONS: While using moss as wet and dry deposition sampier it is not possible to calculate deposition values since the real volume of collected water and dust is hard to estimate due to a splash effect and irregular surface. Therefore, accumulation values seam to be reasonable for moss-based air pollution surveys. Both biomaterials: dry and living Sphagnum palustre show cumulative properties relative to elements under interest. Dry moss has a very loose collection of the atmospheric particles, which can also easily get lost upon rinsing with rainwater running through exposed dry moss material. The living moss may, on the contrary, incorporate the elements in its tissue, thus being less susceptible to rinsing and thus better reflecting the atmospheric conditions. Despite the differences in element uptake and uphold capabilities dry and living moss reflect characteristic anthropogenic and natural profiles. Visible differences in impacts' map coverage exist mostly due to the accumulation mechanisms differentiating dry from living moss. However, in case of each indicator 'phosphatic fertilizer plant impact' is recognized as the strongest pollution source present in examined region. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: General types of pollution sources responsible for a structure of monitoring data set were determined as high-risk/low-risk areas and visualized in form of geographic distribution maps. These locations can be targeted for environmental hazards and public health. Chemometric results in the form of easy defined surface maps can became a powerful instrument in hands of decision-makers working in the field of sustainable development implementation.     

合肥市近19年来土地利用格局的时空变化分析

利用Landsat TM、ETM 、CBERS—2资源卫星数据,采用基于知识型光谱特性的增强与人机交互解译相结合的方法,提取了合肥市1987年、2000年和2006年土地利用类型的专题信息。利用GIS空间分析技术和数理统计方法,分析了合肥市近19年来的土地利用变化特征。结果表明:①在整个阶段—耕地减少了23.38%,建设用地增加了61.26%;城镇用地新增速度最快,且新增速率远大于转移速率,属高速扩张型;②区内最"敏感"的类型是交通用地,其新增速率在两个阶段分别达到1.64和1.62,远高于其它的类型;④从城市扩展的方向上看,合肥城市的发展主要以西南部、南部和东部为主,西南部最为明显;城市已经形成以老城区为核心,向东、北、西南三翼伸展,形成"南进—东拓—西缓—北抑"的空间发展布局。