基于熵权法的南京市水资源可持续利用评价

文章将熵权法与综合评价法有机结合,建立了南京市水资源可持续利用评价指标体系的层次结构模型,并通过熵权法确定权重,对南京市水资源可持续的利用进行评价。结果表明,2000~2007年南京市水资源利用综合指数(ISU)水平良好,总体呈上升趋势,涨幅相对缓慢,仍有较大潜力;在2000~2002年和2006~2007年,水资源可持续利用水平两次呈现小幅的下降趋势,可见南京市水资源可持续利用水平较为不稳定,易受多重因素影响。分系统对比分析得出:科技与教育、人群健康、水资源利用等方面对水资源的可持续利用贡献率较高,但经济发展、社会文化等方面稍显不足,特别是生态环境方面贡献率最低,需进一步加大上述薄弱方面的投入与管理。     

Studies of corrosion tendency of drinking water in the distribution system at the University of Benin

Ensemble of corrosion indices was combined to study the corrosion tendency of the drinking water supply at the University of Benin, Nigeria. The experimental results were analysed in terms of three corrosion indices-Langelier Index, Ryznar Index and Larson–Skold Index. According to the evaluation, the Langelier Index ranged from −5.569 to −3.684, Ryznar Index was between 13.340 and 16.418 while the Larson–Skold Index was between 1.191 and 31.750. Results indicated that the water may be corrosive. A regression of these indices on iron concentration (ppm) showed that Langelier Index, Ryznar Index and Larson–Skold Index have R ² of 0.5868, 0.6577 and 0.7063, respectively. The positive correlation between iron levels and the corrosion indices suggested that iron levels were directly related to increase in corrosion tendency.     

Characteristics of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in generic urban, roadside and industrial plant areas of Guangzhou City, China

Quantitative information on mass concentrations and other characteristics, such as spatial distribution, seasonal variation, indoor/outdoor （I/O） ratio, correlations and sources, of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in Guangzhou City were provided. Mass concentration of PM2.5 and elemental components were determined by standard weight method and proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE） method. 18 elements were detected, the results showed positive results. Average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in nine sites were in the range of 67.7-74.5μg/m^3 for summer period, and 109.9-123.7 μg/m^3 for winter period, respectively. The sum of 18 elements average concentrations were 5362.6-5533.4 ng/m^3 for summer period, and 8416.8-8900.6 ng/m^3 for winter period, respectively. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and element components showed obvious spatial characteristic, that the concentrations in roadside area and in industrial plant area were higher than those in generic urban area. An obvious seasonal variation characteristic was found for PM2.5 and elemental components, that the concentrations in winter were higher than that in summer. The I/O ratio of PM2.5 and some elemental components presented larger than 1 sometimes. According to indoor/outdoor correlation of PM2.5 and element concentrations, it was found that there were often good relationships between indoor and outdoor concentrations. Enrichment factors were calculated to evaluate anthropogenic versus natural elements sources.     

东南沿海经济发达地区耕地数量的动态变化及其驱动力研究——以绍兴市为例

东南沿海经济发达地区的耕地变化较为显著,研究该地区耕地变化的趋势与驱动机制,对促进地区经济持续发展具有重要意义.选取绍兴市作为典型案例,探寻该市耕地数量的时空变化特征,并将主成分分析和多元逐步回归分析相结合,揭示该市耕地数量变化的驱动机制.研究结果表明:绍兴市耕地数量变化的时空特征显著,耕地呈现逐年减少的总体趋势;耕地减少以建设占用和以市场为导向的农业结构调整为主,以基本建设投入力度的加大和人们生活收入水平的提高为主要动因.研究结果可为绍兴市合理开发利用有限的耕地资源,促进区域社会与经济的可持续发展提供一定的科学依据,并为进一步研究东南沿海经济发达地区的耕地变化提供借鉴.     

2020年第一季度枣庄市PM2.5源解析的分析研究

为了评估分析枣庄市不同来源污染物排放强度削减与大气环境质量变化之间的关系,使用统计方法和正定矩阵因子分解法对枣庄市2020年第一季度大气污染变化特征和污染来源进行了解析,探究了枣庄市大气固体悬浮微粒浓度变化影响机制.结果表明:2020年第一季度PM2.5、PM10、N02、S02浓度较2019年同期显著下降,但枣庄市采...     

沪苏边缘区经济合作的时空关系及其对策 --以南通和苏州为例

沪苏边缘区是沪苏经济联系较为密切的区域.以江苏省的南通和苏州两市为研究对象,首先对沪苏边缘区经济合作进展的时空关系进行了总结,时间上表现为三个阶段的历史演进,空间上表现为合作的地区性差异.接着,分析了沪苏边缘区经济合作地区性差异的主要原因,包括经济距离、思想观念和投资环境的差异.在此基础上,对沪苏边缘区的合作绩效进行了评价,认为沪苏边缘区合作绩效明显,合作的方向是经济一体化.基于对北美自由贸易区、欧盟和APEC三个典型的区域合作组织模式的成功经验的对比分析,最后提出了进一步推进沪苏边缘区合作的对策.     

西安市南郊春季降水化学成分特征

2010年3-4月间采集了7次西安南郊降水样品,测定电导率、pH值、主要离子浓度.结果表明,降水pH值的平均值为6.6;电导率平均为110.5 μs/cm,说明降水中水溶性离子浓度高.Ca2+为含茸最丰富的阳离子,平均浓度为15.3 mg/L.由于北方春季沙尘天气频繁,空气中固体颗粒较多,所以降水中Ca2+浓度较高.同...     

“十一五”期间安庆市环境空气质量状况分析

根据安庆市环境空气质量监测数据,对＂十一五＂期间安庆市环境空气质量状况进行了分析,并与＂十五＂期间进行了比较。结果表明,＂十一五＂期间安庆市环境空气质量优良率总体呈下降态势,首要污染物主要为PM10,老城区的污染重于开发区。采暖期SO2及PM10的质量浓度高于其它月份,NO2测值随季节变化不明显,2009年起各种污染物浓度有所下降。与＂十五＂比较,＂十一五＂期间PM10的质量浓度大幅下降,SO2及NO2均有不同幅度的上升,环境空气质量优良率比＂十五＂略有下降。     

新乡市室外尘土中多环芳烃的分布特征

测定了新乡市不同功能区的20个室外尘土样品中16个中美国环保局优先控制的多环芳烃(PAHs).结果显示室外尘土中PAHs总和(EPAHs)为124～1 669μg/kg(干重).虽然广场类型的室外尘土样品中ΣPAHs含量均值小于生活区和工业区类型的,但3组样品的数值之间并无明显差异.同分异构体比率显示样品中PAHs以燃...     

西安市皂河氨氮污染特征分析

通过对比西安市皂河多次水质监测结果,分析了城市小流域水环境中氨氮（NH4-N）的污染特征。结果表明：1）皂河NH4-N平均浓度在空间上的变化为上游和中游高于下游;2）枯水期24h的河流流量与NH4-N浓度负相关;3）洪水统计分析,NH4-N浓度峰均超前于流量峰;4）洪水过程中NH4-N污染物负荷主要以点源污染为主,非点...