乙醇对地下水中硝酸盐去除作用的研究

综述和比较了近年来利用不同碳源反硝化去除地下水中硝酸盐的研究成果,并着重于乙醇作为碳源的脱硝作用。从硝酸盐去除、亚硝酸盐积累、产生生物量等方面比较了不同碳源蔗糖、乙醇、甲醇、乙酸等的优缺点,最终认为乙醇是较为合适的碳源。阐述了该领域的研究进展,总结了影响反硝化进行的主要因素,指出目前乙醇反硝化去除硝酸盐存在的问题,同时对今后进一步的研究方向进行了展望。     

北京市6座垃圾填埋场地下水环境质量的模糊评价

以接纳北京市城八区生活垃圾的6座填埋场的渗滤液和地下水环境质量为研究对象,2006年对6座垃圾填埋场的渗滤液性质以及丰水期、平水期和枯水期的地下水质进行监测分析和模糊评价.除北神树垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的BODs和悬浮物含量2项指标合格外,所有垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的COD、铵态氮和粪大肠菌群指标均超过了GB 16889-1997三级标准.其中铵态氮和粪大肠菌群超标最为严重.应用模糊数学进行综合评价的结果表明,6座垃圾填埋场枯水期、丰水期和平水期的地下水质均不合格,且综合评价结果为很差的占95%以上.地下水中的主要污染物是总硬度,其次为大肠菌群.     

Arsenic forensic modeling leads to decommission of downgradient/off-site monitoring wells

Arsenic was detected at concentrations exceeding the regulatory limit of 0.010 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in an off-site bedrock monitoring well downgradient of a former electroplating facility in Merrimack, New Hampshire. The bedrock underlying the site is associated with naturally occurring high concentrations of groundwater arsenic. Geochemical modeling was used to evaluate whether the arsenic in bedrock groundwater at the off-site monitoring location was site-related or naturally occurring. The hydrogeochemical signature of the off-site bedrock well did not resemble signatures of site-impacted bedrock wells. Multiple lines of evidence support that the arsenic observed in off-site bedrock groundwater was not a result of adverse impacts from site-related groundwater contamination.     

AQUIFER PARAMETERS FROM CONSTANT DRAWDOWN NONSTEADY-LEAKY TYPE CURVES1

ABSTRACT: A drain function and set of type curves were defined for the mathematical solution that represents one-dimensional flow under nonsteady conditions in a leaky aquifer for the constant drawdown boundary condition. A match point procedure was developed for determining the aquifer parameters transmissivity, storage coefficient, and leakance based on the drain function and type curves. Use of the procedure is illustrated by an example that utilizes simulated aquifer drawdowns and flowrate data. The drain function and type curves developed in this investigation include the effects of leakage for the constant drawdown boundary condition, which is not included in the existing drain function and type curve found in the literature. Thus, a new set of type curves was developed that can be used to analyze drawdowns for one-dimensional flow in a leaky aquifer with constant drawdown at a line sink. Applications would include flow to a canal or river, drainage of agricultural lands, and dewatering associated with strip mining operations.     

四川省乐至县红层地下水分布富集规律及资源开发初探

通过对乐至县红层地下水形成的地质环境、水文地质特征及地下水富集规律的分析,初步总结了乐至县红层区地下水资源的开发利用模式,并提出了一些开采地下水的保护措施。     

西北干旱地区地下水放射性环境污染及防治研究--以内蒙古东乌旗地区为例

以东乌旗地区为例，研究了西北地区地下水放射性环境问题。结果表明：东乌旗地区地下水存在严重的放射性污染，花岗岩裂隙水、砂岩承压水和潜水达标率分别为8％、14％和45％；放射性铀、氡污染主要原因为铀矿化扩散成因、淋漓花岗岩成因和蒸发浓缩成因；处理本地区地下水铀污染的合理方法为阴离子交换树脂吸附法；地下水中氡有两面性，一方面饮用水中氡含量超标，给人体带来危害，只需将其露天放置一星期或加温煮沸即可达到饮用水标准；另一方面氡浴又有利于人体的健康。     

徐州市奎河河流--地下水渗流系统处理水体中氮

基于污水土地处理系统可以渗漏形式补给地下水的特点，利用现场调查分析的方法，提出了一种新的污水土地处理方式－河流－地下水渗流系统去除污水中氮。结果表明，河流－地下水饱和渗流系统对氮污染组分具有很高的去除作用，在距河流４０ｍ处对污水中氮的去除率达９５％以上，且不受季节变化的影响。     

Formation and harmfulness of high fluoride-bearing ground-water

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皇天畈试验场地下水的砷、铁污染及自净作用

研究了中国水稻研究所皇天畈试验场被砷、铁污染的地下深井水的自净作用。结果表明,其自净机制是地下深井水抽出地面后,由于体系的氧化还原势瞬时提高,Fe~(2+)氧化成Fe~(3+),As~(3+)氧化成As~(5+)。Fe~(3+)水解后,形成Fe(OH)_3,并聚合,水中的As~(5+)被氢氧化铁吸附后,形成共沉淀,沉降在底部。实验证明,若提高深井水的氧化势,则能加速自净的进程。