花生施用燃煤烟气脱硫副产物研究初报

主要研究了施用燃煤烟气脱硫副产物（石膏和粉煤灰）对花生性状的影响。结果表明,在广东浅海沉积砖红壤上,施用脱硫副产物对盆栽花生出苗、根系及其营养生长、花生花针生长发育等均产生一定的抑制作用;抑制程度与脱硫副产物施用量有关。但在添加1%、5%、10%的脱硫副产物条件下,花生根瘤数量及质量均比不施脱硫副产物的处理有成倍地增加,若添加量达到20%则会对根瘤生长繁殖产生明显的抑制。施用脱硫副产物提高了花生的产量,在施用量达到土壤质量1%的条件下,花生获得最高产量,且根瘤生长繁殖受到促进,故该施用量是该实验的最优处理。     

水中亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌检测方法的探讨

介绍了亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌的培养方法,并用MPN法计数亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌.对判断培养物中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐存在的显色反应进行了对比试验.结果表明, 在NO-3的显色反应中,可用氨基磺酸铵溶液作为NO-2的抑制剂,并且要先加入二苯胺,再滴加浓硫酸,这样更便于结果观察.指出硝化细菌培养基对于显色反应没有影响,NO-2显色的质量浓度为0.15 mg/L.     

Odor fading in natural gas distribution systems

Since natural gas is odorless, to assure the customer safety, odorants are added to it to alarm the consumer in the case of a gas leak. Although the odorization is a common practice in natural gas distribution systems, odor fading has been reported in pipelines, which is a great safety risk. This paper summarizes results of experiments conducted to investigate possible chemical and physical mechanisms responsible for odor fading. In these experiments, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and gas chromatography were used to check the possible interactions of tertiary butyl mercaptan (TBM) as odorant with the pipe material. Evidences of chemisorption, adsorption and desorption of TBM on the iron oxide inside the pipe were observed. It was found that by increasing pressure, rusted surface of the pipe, and temperature or by decreasing the gas flow rate and odorant concentration the mercaptan removal was increased.     

Effect of cell physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater

The influence of physicochemical characteristics and motility on bacterial transport in groundwater were examined in flow-through columns. Four strains of bacteria isolated from a crystalline rock groundwater system were investigated, with carboxylate-modified and amidine-modified latex microspheres and bromide as reference tracers. The bacterial isolates included a gram-positive rod (ML1), a gram-negative motile rod (ML2), a nonmotile mutant of ML2 (ML2m), and a gram-positive coccoid (ML3). Experiments were repeated at two flow velocities, in a glass column packed with glass beads, and in another packed with iron-oxyhydroxide coated glass beads. Bacteria breakthrough curves were interpreted using a transport equation that incorporates a sorption model from microscopic observation of bacterial deposition in flow-cell experiments. The model predicts that bacterial desorption rate will decrease exponentially with the amount of time the cell is attached to the solid surface. Desorption kinetics appeared to influence transport at the lower flow rate, but were not discernable at the higher flow rate. Iron-oxyhydroxide coatings had a lower-than-expected effect on bacterial breakthrough and no effect on the microsphere recovery in the column experiments. Cell wall type and shape also had minor effects on breakthrough. Motility tended to increase the adsorption rate, and decrease the desorption rate. The transport model predicts that at field scale, desorption rate kinetics may be important to the prediction of bacteria transport rates.     

毛发载体生物膜法对印染、化工废水脱色处理的试验研究

利用经特定脱脂处理后的毛发作载体,固定脱色混合菌。依赖毛发自身营养,不需外加营养物质,对印染和化工有色废水作脱色处理。试验研究结果表明,在一定pH和温度下,废水脱色率可稳定在85％以上;在低温或大于32℃时,仍可保持较高的脱色率,并可同时去除废水中的硫化物、氰化物、酚类等有毒有害污染物,其去除率>80％。     

上海市2006～2008年实施燃煤电厂烟气脱硫的综合经济分析

根据上海市新一轮“环境保护和建设三年行动计划”（2006-2008年）提出的未来3年全市将有11家电厂的35台共约650.8万kW燃煤发电机组实施烟气脱硫的目标，结合上海市实际，建立相关假定条件，并考虑SO2减排的作用及脱硫产物的利用等方面因素，从经济、环境等角度对上海市650.8万kw燃煤发电机组实施湿法烟气脱硫的成本、效益进行了综合分析。结果显示，燃煤电厂烟气脱硫的固定资产投资和运行费用均较大，而脱硫产生的直接经济效益相对较小，其效益更多地体现在无法直接以货币形式衡量的环境效益、社会效益上。     

含机油废水微生物降解实验研究

从油污土壤中筛选分离出两株高效机油降解菌ZL1，ZL2，初步鉴定了黄杆菌属和微球菌属，通过生长条件正交实验测定了温度，底物浓度和pH对其降解能力的影响，在废水油浓度较高条件下进行了连续降解实验。结果表明：2d左右对于含油270mg/L的去除率分别达到67.9%和76．2％，其中ZL2菌对底物浓度和pH值有较广的适应范围。     

苏州某湖水体细菌污染状况及分析

概述了近年来苏州某湖水体中细菌污染状况，对部分水质理化因素与细菌数量之间的相关性作了分析。研究了该湖水体中细菌的分布，变化情况，并讨论了利用微生物数量作为指标对湖泊的污染状况和富营养水平的评价。     

微生物控制水华藻的研究进展

水华藻的过度繁殖及引发的水生生态系统的安全问题亟待解决。随着溶藻微生物逐步发现,以微生物手段治理水华,越发得到广泛的关注和认可。在概述微生物抑藻研究现状及机理的基础上,从提高微生物对水华藻的控制效率和保障环境安全性的角度对水华的微生物防治进行了探讨,以期为实际应用微生物治理水华提供参考,并为微生物抑藻实践中可能出现的问题提供解决方法的理论依据。     

溶藻细菌L7(Algicidal Bacteria Strain L7)与中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的相互作用

将6组不同初始种群密度的溶藻细菌L7(Bacillus cereus)菌悬液和添加了溶藻细菌L7胞内、外代谢产物的2216E培养液加入到中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)悬浮液中,将5组不同初始种群密度的中肋骨条藻悬浮液和添加了中肋骨条藻胞内外代谢产物的f/2-Si培养液加入到溶藻细菌L7悬浮液中,探讨溶藻细菌L7和中肋骨条藻的相互作用。在第7天时,L7胞外代谢产物使中肋骨条藻细胞数量下降95.42%,表现为间接溶藻,胞内代谢产物使藻细胞数量增长361.47%,表现为加快藻增长。L7初始种群密度为3.89×106 cfu/mL和3.89×107 cfu/mL时,在第7天藻细胞数量均下降80%以上;初始种群密度为3.89×102~3.89×104 cfu/mL时,在第7天L7促进藻生长。中肋骨条藻种群密度为3.89×103 cells/L、3.89×104 cells/L及3.89×106 cells/L时,最迟于第7天,L7种群密度开始低于对照组,即中肋骨条藻能够在一段时间后抑制L7生长。从第4天开始,中肋骨条藻胞外代谢产物使L7种群密度低于对照组,即中肋骨条藻对L7产生抑制作用;胞内代谢产物对L7生长的影响不明显。