改良系统成熟度法定量评估污水LOT技术应用潜力——以水专项及相关技术组合为例

随着污水处理满足再生水品质的需求日益提升,对污水中污染物的去除也逐渐向极限技术 (LOT) 发展,亟需探索适合我国国情的技术选择方式。基于现有技术成熟度法 (TRL) 通过算法矩阵构造改良的集成系统成熟度 (SRL) 评价法,对依托“十一五”、“十二五”和“十三五”期间国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项相关课题的LOT备选技术、组合及国内外其他满足LOT备选技术组合,进行综合定量评估,梳理我国LOT技术发展现状、并筛选出12项LOT备选技术组合。其中,“A²O+反硝化深床滤池技术”、“A²O+MBBR+混凝沉淀技术”、“A²O+活性自持深度脱氮技术+BAF技术”的SRL可达0.8~1,达到生产、操作和维护阶段,可直接进行生产应用并面向市场产生较高应用效益,但3项技术组合的TN、TP单位质量去除成本较高,其核心处理功能工艺主要为传统反应器类技术。大部分单项技术TRL的等级大于7,改良SRL为0.6~0.8,处于系统发展验证阶段,相关技术组合正在为真正的市场推广进行产品稳定性提升,且大部分备选技术组合充分利用了植物和湿地等生态技术的优势,既实现了较强的同步脱氮除磷,又具有运行和维护成本低的市场优势,符合减污降碳协同增效的政策背景,故更具有推广价值。备选LOT技术组合基本实现了成本优化和低碳低耗的技术运营模式,可满足污水的资源化及生态环境的优化需求。本研究结果可为低碳低耗污水处理技术的成熟度评估和筛选提供参考。     

EM有效微生物技术在我国的应用研究进展

EM有效微生物技术自问世以来已经在世界各国的养殖、环保、种植等领域广泛应用，本文详细介绍了EM生物技术在我国环境保护、种植业、养殖业等方面的应用。     

“挡风抑尘墙”技术研究及其应用

内蒙古天晧水泥有限公司将＂挡风抑尘墙＂技术成功应用在石灰石预均化堆场和煤场,对消减石灰石预均化堆场和煤场风力,抑制石灰石预均化堆场和煤场扬尘起到了很好的作用,解决了大型堆场扬尘治理的一个技术难题。现就＂挡风抑尘墙＂的工作机理、结构特点及其抑尘效果等进行分析介绍,以促进该技术的推广和应用。     

小城镇污水处理实用工艺分析

小城镇污水治理不仅是小城镇自身发展的需要,同时也是流域生态环境保护的需要。本文简要地阐述了小城镇污水的特点以及小城镇污水处理的要求,指出小城镇污水处理工艺必须经济、高效、节能和简便易行。对适合于小城镇的几种常规污水处理工艺进行分析对比,并介绍了近年来出现的新工艺。     

流域综合管理系统的技术探讨——以拉萨河为例

河流受人类活动破坏日益严重,水质污染、生态退化、水资源不足、管理分散等问题尤为突出,多部门协同,实现综合管理是河流水资源、水质、水生态恢复和改善的必然趋势。文章探讨水资源、防汛、水质、水生态多方面综合管理,实现"多管合一"的技术基础。以拉萨河为例,将地理信息系统、物联网技术与地表水环境管理相结合,建设水环境综合管理决策平台,以信息技术为支撑,实现有效的水环境监控和管理。     

城市旅游发展的动力:理论分析与案例研究

20世纪80年代之初，深圳和珠海旅游发展的内外部条件极为类似，但是20年来两个城市旅游的发展模式却完全不同。本文研究发现：城市旅游发展取决于需求结构和相对优势两个因素的共同作用。基于旅游体验本质的需求结构的变化，决定了同一类型的旅游城市具有相似的变化规律；不同类型的旅游城市变化规律差异较大。另一方面，城市旅游驱动机制决定了相对优势的变化，旅游驱动机制演变轨迹的不同正是建成各个城市旅游目的地旅游发展模式差别的主因。由此可见，城市旅游要实现可持续发展就必须用随外部环境的变化（主要是需求结构的变化），适时培育和转变驱动机制。     

基于节能环保视域下的企业技术创新

以建设资源节约型企业为出发点,就企业如何在节能环保的视野下实施技术创新,分析企业实施技术创新的影响因素以及应采取的对策,从而实现企业的可持续发展,达到企业与社会的双赢。     

蒸汽直埋管道结构型式的改进与应用

蒸汽直埋管道的安全与节能技术近年来日趋成熟,但在南方高水位城市应用中还存在诸多缺陷。本文结合工程实践,针对这些缺陷进行了技术改进,并在多项工程中推广应用,取得了良好的效果。     

Affordable technologies for utilization of methane in a landfill environment: An example of an integrated technology array and evolving institutional networks

CARIBELATE, the Caribbean Environmental Laboratory for the Advancement of Technological Entrepreneurship is an evolving institutional concept, as well as a physical complex, that provides a dynamic environment for public, academic and private sector organizations to conduct proof of concept technology demonstrations in a landfill environment. This article traces the successful networking of demonstrations at a landfill in New Jersey and the subsequent design of the CARIBELATE project in the Municipality of Carolina, Puerto Rico. The institutional model developed for the Puerto Rico facility has brought together an unlikely combination of stakeholders. Those from the private sector, here called industrial partners, are paired with academic researchers to optimize products for local markets. The basic technology system demonstrated in New Jersey and to be replicated in Puerto Rico removes harmful contaminants from landfill gas and in so doing produces a variety of useful products. A portion of the landfill gas is utilized for micro‐turbine electricity generation and for heating a demonstration greenhouse that houses aquaculture coupled with hydroponic crop production, where aquaculture effluents are recycled as plant nutrients. A strict protocol to verify emission reduction is imposed on all the demonstrations at the CARIBELATE project. Although greenhouse gas credit verification is not the prime mission, it is suggested that the credits verified from these demonstrations are of high quality, and can serve as an excellent training platform. CARIBELATE is conceived to be operated at the municipal level and contribute to income generation and economic development. The continuing networking of stakeholders from the public and private sectors offers some potential guidance for replicating this design in the developing world.     

Enhancing climate technology transfer through greater public–private cooperation: Lessons from Thailand and the Philippines

This article contributes to debates about climate change policy and technology transfer by analyzing the success factors underlying collaboration between private companies and communities in developing countries. To date, much attention to capacity building for enabling environments — including public–private collaboration — under the climate change convention has focused on state‐led initiatives and on the innovation and development of technologies. This article, instead, focuses on how private‐sector investors and host communities may collaborate in the diffusion of technologies, by reducing the costs of technology transfer, and making technology more appropriate to developing countries. The article describes cases of collaboration concerning waste management and waste‐to‐energy in Thailand and the Philippines. The article argues that successful public–private partnerships between investors and communities depends on minimizing transaction costs, strengthening collaborative (or assurance) mechanisms, and in maximizing public trust and accountability of partnerships. Lessons are then drawn for enhancing capacity building for technology transfer under the climate change convention and applications such as the Clean Development Mechanism.