Hotspots and trends of biological water treatment based on bibliometric review and patents analysis

In order to reveal the hotspots and trends of biological water treatment from the perspectives of scientific and technological innovation, both of the bibliometric review and patents analysis were performed in this study. The Web of Science Core Collection database and Derwent Innovation Index database recorded 30023 SCI papers and 50326 patents, respectively were analyzed via information visualization technology. The results showed that China ranked the first in both papers and patents, while the United States and Japan had advantages in papers and patents, respectively. It was concluded through literature metrology analysis that microbial population characteristics, biodegradation mechanism, toxicity analysis, nitrogen and phosphorus removal and biological treatment of micro-polluted wastewater were the research hotspots of SCI papers. Activated sludge process and anaerobic-aerobic combined process were the two mainstream technologies on the basis of patent technology classification analysis. Technology evolution path of biological water treatment was also elucidated in three stages based on the citation network analysis. Furthermore, the future directions including research on the law of interaction and regulation of biological phases and pollutants and the technology innovations towards the targeted biotransformation or selective biodegradation of pollutants and resource reuse of wastewater were prospected.     

Matching innovations with potential users, a case study of potato IPM practices

Through interviews and mail surveys, Ohio potato (Solanum tuberosum) growers were surveyed concerning their willingness to adopt three cultural controls being developed for management of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), which had become increasingly difficult to control. The principal objective of the research was to obtain a deeper understanding of how farmers make decisions to adopt or not adopt new techniques and how these decisions are related to farmers' educational backgrounds and the way they currently manage their farms. The three cultural management options emphasized ecological approaches to habitat management rather than ecologically disruptive chemical control: (1) using host plants in overwintering sites to slow the spring movement of the beetles to potato fields, (2) using larger potato plants at field borders than in the center of the field as a spring trap crop, and (3) concentrating beetles in relatively small undefoliated areas to be killed with heat in late summer. Most respondents would not adopt these alternative pest management strategies, mainly because they perceived an unsatisfactory trade-off between logistic difficulties and expenses and population suppression they would achieve compared with traditional chemical control measures. Education correlated positively and experience in farming negatively with the willingness to try new pest management techniques. Additionally, growers responding more negatively to questions regarding integrated pest management strategies were more willing to experiment with the alternative techniques, a result attributed to either the survey design or an indication of experience with the more intensive management effort required for integrated pest management. This profile of potential innovators should be used by researchers to establish partnerships with farmers that could assist with both the research and development of new farming techniques and the adoption of successful systems by other farmers.     

废弃危险化学品安全填埋处置的主要环节及控制

结合沈阳市在废弃物危险化学品安全填埋处置工作中的有关实际 ,介绍了通过安全填埋技术处置废弃危险化学品的各主要技术环节及各环节的控制要点 ,希望此方面技术得到不断发展和应用     

CASS工艺处理油漆生产废水

采用隔油——气浮—— CASS——过滤工艺处理高浓度油漆生产废水 ,工程运行稳定 ,出水水质达到国家一级排放标准     

Clean energy technology transfer: A review of programs under the UNFCCC

This paper describes the experience andresults of programs designed tooperationalize the technology transferprovisions of the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). These programs share a common goal ofdemonstrating modalities for developedcountry parties to fulfill their obligationunder the UNFCCC to supporttechnology transfer to developing countryparties that facilitates theirparticipation in global efforts to combatclimate changes. Several related U.S.bilateral programs and programs supportedby the Climate Technology Initiative, amultilateral effort on behalf of a numberof Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, are included in thisreview. The discussion highlights a numberof common elements of the approaches ofmany of these programs as well as somedifferences. It presents case studies thatfocus on methods and results in China,Mexico, and Southern Africa, and cataloguesand describes the implementation activitiesand results that these programs haveachieved. It concludes by assessing theimplications of this experience for theinternational community as it moves forwardwith the climate change technology transferenterprise.     

中国消防科技现状与发展

本文介绍了中国消防事业发展的宏观概况；着重从消防科技实力、科研设施、科技成果应用即发展国际间消防科技合作等方面，回顾了近十年来中国消防科技发展成就；展望了中国在今年后十年内消防科技面临的任务；阐述了进一步加强消防科技工作的措施。     

煤焦化生产过程甲烷排放初步研究

本研究选取山西省具有代表性的焦化厂,通过在废气排放烟囱上采集燃烧室废气和装煤/出焦废气,初步研究了煤焦化过程甲烷排放特征。结果显示燃烧室废气中CH4占∑(CH4+NMHC)的比例远高于装煤和出焦废气。基于EPA AP-42排放因子的计算方法,煤焦化三个工段的CH4排放因子为228.5±56.1g/t。结合中国机械炼焦炉焦炭产量,2004年中国机械炼焦CH4排放为0.03Tg/a,占中国总CH4排放的0.1%,可能是山西省除煤炭开采外的重要甲烷排放源,该值还需再进一步的工作中完善和验证。     

Greenhouse gas mitigation in developing countries through technology transfer?: a survey of empirical evidence

While greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are projected to rise primarily in the developing countries, the potential for developing new GHG mitigation technologies exists primarily in the industrialized countries. It is thus important, not only for predictions about future emission paths but also for climate change mitigation policies, to understand how the international diffusion of such technologies takes place and how it affects the energy infrastructure and GHG emissions in developing countries. This paper provides an overview of the channels through which these technologies diffuse and focuses on the empirical evidence pertaining to the effects these technologies have on GHG emissions in developing countries.

浙江省农业清洁生产技术体系构建的探讨

通过对农业清洁生产的内涵特征以及农业清洁生产对技术需求的全面分析,阐明了农业清洁生产技术体系的构建思路,提出了以标准化生产技术、农产品质量安全监测技术、农业投入品替代及农业资源高效利用技术、产地环境修复和地力恢复技术、农业废弃物资源化及其清洁化生产链接技术、农业信息技术等为主要内容的农业清洁生产技术体系框架.通过稻田清洁生产实施案例,验证了农业清洁生产技术在实际中的成功应用.     

生态护砌模拟河道对氮系污染物的去除特性

分别应用生态混凝土预制球型砌块、板状砌块及4球联体砌块构建3条中试规模的模拟河道,定量研究生态护砌河道对氮系污染物的去除特性,并与"三面光"护砌模拟河道进行对比.结果表明.在自然条件下,水力停留时间2 d时.生态混凝土预制球型砌块护砌河道对黄浦江原水中NH 4.-N、NO2-.-N、NO-3.-N、TN的去除率分别为83.6%、75.2%、37.1%、47.5%,生态混凝土预制板状砌块护砌河道为83.4%、53.0%、30.6%、40.4%.生态混凝土预制4球联体砌块护砌河道为88.1%、72.4%、33.0%、40.9%.在相同的条件下,"三面光"护砌河道对NH 4.-N、TN的去除率分别为61.1%、9.1%,而NO-2-N、NO-3-N由于受到NH 4-N转化的影响,浓度产生了累积,分别增加了7.4%、3.4%.护砌方式对水中氮系污染物的去除影响显著,生态护砌方式可在短期内有效去除水中氮系污染物,故可作为河流等地表水体水质净化与修复的重要措施.护砌结构孔隙率和植被覆盖率的提高有利于生态护砌河道对氮系污染物的去除.