铁/钴氮氟掺杂二氧化钛膜的制备研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe,N,F-TiO2膜和Co,N,F-TiO2膜的光催化剂,以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物,探讨了制备两种膜的最佳煅烧温度、镀膜层数和铁/钴掺杂量。结果表明,当煅烧温度400℃,镀膜层数4层,Fe/Ti=0.05%,Co/Ti=0.02%时,得到的Fe,N,F-TiO2膜和Co,N,F-TiO2膜的可见光催化活性最高。其中Fe,N,F-TiO2膜的光催化活性要略优于Co,N,F-TiO2膜。     

掺杂过渡金属的TiO2/累托石复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

以累托石为载体,钛酸四丁酯和硝酸铜为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了掺杂过渡金属铜的TiO2/累托石复合光催化材料,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)的表征.同时考察了复合材料在紫外光照下对对氯苯酚的光催化活性,研究了铜掺杂量和煅烧温度等因素对复合材料光催化活性的影响,探讨了过渡金属掺杂改性TiO2的机理及对氯苯酚的光催化降解机理.实验结果表明:在制备复合材料的过程中,累托石的层状结构遭到一定程度的破坏;复合材料中的TiO2主要是以大部分的锐钛矿型和小部分的金红石型的混合形态存在;负载累托石后复合材料的吸附性能明显增加,掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料的光催化活性要高于未掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料,并且当掺铜量为0.5%(质量分数),煅烧温度为500℃时,复合材料对对氯苯酚的光催化去除率达到最大;苯醌类物质可能是对氯苯酚光降解的中间产物.     

Biogenic C-doped titania templated by cyanobacteria for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Cyanobacteria, which occurred in eutrophic water harvest solar light to carry out photosynthesis with high efficiency. In this work, cyanobacteria （Microcystis sp.） were used as biotemplate to synthesize titania structure. The synthesized titania sample had similar morphology to that of the original template in spite of the fragile unicellular structures and extremely high water content of cyanobacterial cells. Incorporation of biogenic C, as well as the morphology inherited from biotemplate improved visible- light absorbance of the titania structure. The sample exhibited higher visible-light photocatalytic activity than commercial titania photocatalyst Degussa P25 for Rhodamine B （RhB） degradation. Compared with those C-doped titania photocatalysts prepared by other methods, cyanobacteria templated titania photocatalyst offer some potential for competitive advantages. The reported strategy opened up a new use for the cyanobacteria. It could also be used for titania in applications such as treatment of polluted water, dye-sensitized solar cells, or other regions.     

硼掺杂CeO2/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其活性研究

在三氯化钛和钛酸丁酯水解过程中引入硼酸、硝酸铈,制备了具有可见光活性的硼(B)掺杂CeO₂/TiO₂复合氧化物光催化剂,采用XRD、DRS、XPS等手段进行表征,以偶氮染料酸性红B为模型污染物评估了催化活性.结果表明,硝酸铈加入量影响催化剂的吸收带边,随用量增加,吸收带边红移至481nm(Ce/Ti=1.0,摩尔比),继续增加用量,吸收带边轻微蓝移.催化剂晶相组成与焙烧温度有关,500℃时焙烧样品主要由立方晶型CeO₂和锐钛矿TiO₂组成,焙烧温度高于700℃时,TiO₂转化为金红石型,CeO₂则无显著变化.随焙烧温度升高,催化剂吸收带边明显蓝移,综合考虑催化剂稳定性和太阳能利用,认为500℃焙烧较为合适.B1s XPS显示仅有少量B原子进入复合氧化物晶格取代了氧原子,主要以B₂O₃形式存在.酸性红B降解试验显示B掺杂CeO₂/TiO₂可以提高TiO₂的催化活性,紫外光辐射10min最高可使96.0%的酸性红B分解,且反应彻底,表现出较强的氧化能力,但Ce/Ti>0.5(摩尔比)时催化活性显著下降.     

可见光下掺氮TiO_2分子印迹聚合物的选择性光降解

采用表面分子印迹技术,以溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺氮TiO_2为基质、水杨酸为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和偶氮二异丁腈分别为交联剂和引发剂制备了掺氮TiO_2分子印迹聚合物。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和低温N2物理吸附-脱附等技术对制备样品进行了表征。结果表明,样品均为锐钛矿相,粒径10~20 nm且分布均匀;氮掺杂引起光吸收带边红移;表面分子印迹技术在掺氮TiO_2表面形成的有机聚合物层增大了粒径,但改变了回滞环形状及孔径分布,形成了大量孔径为2.2 nm的小孔并增大了比表面积;可见光下对水杨酸、甲基橙、苯甲酸的降解选择系数在1.1~1.7之间,具有良好的选择性。     

可见光下氮掺杂罗丹明B分子印迹TiO_2的选择性光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法和分子印迹技术,以尿素为氮源、罗丹明B为模板分子制备了氮掺杂罗丹明B分子印迹TiO_2粉末(N-TiO_2-RhB),并对样品进行了XRD、UV-Vis DRS和BET表征。表征结果显示:氮掺杂和分子印迹一定程度改善了样品的孔隙结构和孔径分布,N-TiO_2-RhB的比表面积和孔体积分别为TiO_2的1.9倍和1.5倍;氮掺杂使TiO_2的光吸收带边发生红移,而分子印迹不能改变催化剂的光吸收带边。N-TiO_2-RhB具有最佳的可见光活性和选择性,对罗丹明B的降解率高达92.7%。对罗丹明B、罗丹明6G、甲基紫和甲基绿的降解过程均符合一级反应动力学方程。     

Cu-ZnO/膨润土的制备及光催化降解甲基橙废水性能

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了Cu-Zn O/膨润土复合光催化剂,用XRD和FTIR对其结构进行了表征。以光催化降解甲基橙为探针反应,研究了焙烧温度、催化剂用量、反应时间、溶液p H值及光照条件等因素对光催化反应性能的影响。结果表明,在Cu-Zn O/膨润土中,Zn O主要为六方晶系结构,掺杂的Cu2+可能进入Zn O晶格取代了部分Zn2+,Zn O中的部分Zn2+进入了膨润土层间,置换出了部分Al3+,实现了与膨润土的复合。其中,550℃焙烧的Cu-Zn O/膨润土光催化性能最好,当催化剂投加量为1.5 g/L、紫外光照120 min、溶液p H值为6时,该催化剂对20 mg/L甲基橙的降解率高达99.25%。Cu的掺入拓宽了Zn O光谱响应范围,使得该催化剂在可见光或太阳光照下也表现出优良的光催化活性。此外,该催化剂沉降性好,易于回收,且再生回用5次后仍保持良好的光催化活性。     

改性Ti4O7阳极对氯霉素的高效电氧化降解

针对传统电化学氧化中阳极是污染物催化氧化的核心,寻找一种具有高析氧电位,高反应活性面积,优良催化活性的阳极是当下亟待解决的问题。为此,选取了亚氧化钛(Ti₄O₇)电极作为基础电极且对其进行过渡金属元素掺杂改性。通过各种表征及降解性能研究发现,所制备改性电极相对于纯Ti₄O₇电极催化性能有所提高。其中,锆(zirconium, Zr)元素掺杂后使得改性电极具有更高的析氧电位和更好的电催化活性。在电流密度为30 mA·cm^-2,初始pH为6.1,电解质为100 mmol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄和10 mmol·L^-1 NaCl的最优条件下,氯霉素的去除率为97.4%。并且该电极具有很好的抗干扰性和稳定性,在不同pH干扰下对氯霉素依然具有较高的降解率(均高于81.1%)。此外,Zr元素掺杂的Ti₄O₇改性电极对氟苯尼考和双氯芬酸钠等药物也具有很好的降解效果...     

Remove cooking fume using catalytic combustion over Pt/La-Al2O3

Five monolithic catalysts with low noble metal content were prepared by irnmerge method （Pt/γ=Al2O3, Pt/La-Al2O3, Pt/YSZ-AI203, Pt＋Pd/La-Al2O3 and Pd/La-Al2O3） and their activity measurements were carried out in a conventional fixed-bed flow reactor. The results show that La-Al2O3 can promote activity of the prepared catalysts and can decrease the complete conversion temperature of cooking fume. The Pt/La-Al2O3 catalyst has the highest activity and can be applied in wide range of gas hourly space velocity （GHSV）. Some characterizations （XRD, TPR） were carried out with the objective to explain differences in catalytic behaviors. The prepared catalyst showed a great potential for application.     

Effect of Sb dopant amount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively.