La2O3/ZnO/TiO2光催化降解活性艳红K-2BP的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La2O3/ZnO/TiO2复合光催化剂,以紫外灯为光源,活性艳红K-2BP为模型降解物,研究了La2O3/ZnO/TiO2的光催化性能.结果表明:当锌和镧的掺杂量w(zno)=20%,w(La2O3)=0.5%,煅烧温度为500℃时,La2O3/ZnO/TiO2复合光催化剂的光催化活件最高;当催化荆投加量4 g/L,通气量800 mL/min,初始pH值3.12时,La2O3/ZnO/TiO2对活性艳红K-2BP的降解效果最好.实验证明.La2O3/ZnO/TiO2对活性艳红K-2BP的降解遵从Lang-muir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,测得其反应速率常数k=11.5 mg/(L·min);吸附常数K=2.88×10-2L/mg.     

各类VOCs在蜂窝陶瓷型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的催化燃烧性能

以涂有CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的堇青石蜂窝状陶瓷为载体,用浸渍法制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷型整体La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂,测试了该催化剂催化燃烧各类VOCs的特性。研究表明,VOCs催化燃烧的难易程度为：含氯烃〉烷烃〉酸〉芳烃〉酮〉酯〉醇〉醛。La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂对含氧有机化合物具有较好的催化活性,完全燃烧温度均在280℃之内。通过关联VOCs的理化性质,发现VOCs在La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的反应活性与VOCs分子中最弱C—H键键能和VOCs分子极性密切联系。     

Changes in the quality of river water before, during and after a major flood event associated with a La Niña cycle and treatment for drinking purposes

The treatment of organics present in the lower reaches of a major river system（the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia） before（March–July 2010）, during（December 2010–May 2011） and after（April–December 2012） a major flood period was investigated. The flood period（over 6 months）occurred during an intense La Nia cycle, leading to rapid and high increases in river flows and organic loads in the river water. Dissolved organic carbon（DOC） increased（2–3 times） to high concentrations（up to 16 mg/L） and was found to correlate with river flow rates. The treatability of organics was studied using conventional jar tests with alum and an enhanced coagulation model（mEnCo）. Predicted mean alum dose rates（per mg DOC） were higher before（9.1 mg alum/mg DOC） and after（8.5 mg alum/mg DOC） than during the flood event（8.0 mg alum/mg DOC）,indicating differences in the character of the organics in raw waters. To assess the character of natural organic matter present in raw and treated waters, high performance size exclusion chromatography with UV and fluorescence detectors were used. During the flood period, high molecular weight UV absorbing compounds（〉2 kDa） were mostly detected in waters collected,but were not evident in waters collected before and afterwards. The relative abundances of humic-like and protein-like compounds during and following the flood period were also investigated and found to be of a higher molecular weight during the flood period. The treatability of the organics was found to vary over the three climate conditions investigated.     

可控合成La（OH）3纳米球光催化去除NO及其催化性能机制研究

以KOH和La(NO3)3·6H2O为前驱体,柠檬酸为保护剂,采用一步水热法合成三维La(OH)3纳米球光催化剂.通过XRD、SEM、PL和UV-vis DRS等对样品进行结构表征.结果表明,柠檬酸的加入量对La(OH)3的形貌均匀性和催化活性均有较大影响.柠檬酸和La(NO3)3·6H2O的物质的量的比为2∶1时,得到的样品为形貌均匀的纳米球,光催化活性最佳且稳定性好.这是因为三维的纳米球结构更容易促进光生载流子的分离;此外,形貌均匀无团聚,增加了催化剂表面的活性位点,使反应过程中反应物和中间产物迅速扩散,从而光催化活性最高.在光催化过程中,羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧自由基(·O-2)是最主要的氧化物种.NO可以和产生的·OH和·O-2反应生成HNO2和HNO3,从而去除NO.本文研究结果充实了La(OH)3光催化材料的合成基础理论,探讨了La(OH)3光催化活性机理,为La(OH)3应用打开了新的视野.     

ZrO2掺杂对La2Ce2O7力学和热物理性能 影响的研究

目的提高La_2Ce_2O_7(LC)陶瓷材料的断裂韧性。方法采用固相反应方法合成Y_2O_3稳定ZrO_2(YSZ)掺杂的La_2Ce_2O_7(LC)陶瓷材料(LCZ),研究LCZ块材的弹性模量、断裂韧性等力学性能,以及热膨胀系数、热传导率等热物理性能。结果 10%YSZ摩尔分数掺杂的LCZ块材的断裂韧性约为1.4 MPa·m1/2,比LC提高了近10%。YSZ掺杂有效地抑制了LC在200～400℃温度区间热膨胀系数下降的现象。在200～1200℃温度范围内,LCZ块材的热膨胀系数为10×10-6～12×10-6K-1,在1200℃的热导率约为0.75W/(m·K),比YSZ降低了50%以上,显示了优异的隔热性能。结论 YSZ的掺杂使LC中部分Zr4+取代了La3+,降低了晶格中的O空位浓度,原子的横向剪切运动被削弱,有效地抑制了LC在200～400℃温度区间热膨胀系数下降的现象。由于t-ZrO_2→m-ZrO_2的相变对微裂纹的愈合作用,10%YSZ掺杂使LC块材的断裂韧性得到有效提高。     

不同浓度镧处理对铅胁迫下玉米生长和铅吸收的影响

采用温室盆栽试验的方法,研究不同浓度的镧处理(0、50、200和800 mg·kg~(-1))对中度铅胁迫下(200 mg·kg~(-1))玉米生长、矿质营养元素吸收、C∶N∶P生态化学计量比及Pb和La吸收的影响,探讨土壤-植物系统中稀土重金属的相互作用,旨在为稀土矿区稀土重金属复合污染土壤的治理提供基础数据和理论依据.结果表明,随着外源La浓度的增加土壤中乙酸铵-EDTA提取态La的浓度显著增加,而乙酸铵-EDTA提取态Pb的浓度显著降低;玉米地上部干重显著降低了17.90%~81.17%,根冠比显著增加了21.74%~86.96%;随着土壤中La浓度的增加根部P含量显著降低了19.16%~89.68%,La浓度为200 mg·kg~(-1)和800 mg·kg~(-1)时,地上部P和N含量分别显著降低了65.51%~91.98%和48.27%~76.58%;随着土壤中La浓度的增加,植株C∶P、N∶P和植株La浓度显著增加,地上部和根部Pb浓度分别显著增加了52.61%~99.01%和15.99%~44.34%;随着La浓度的升高显著降低了玉米植株K、Ca和Mg的含量.结果初步证明,在稀土-重金属复合污染土壤中,稀土元素的存在加剧了重金属对植物生长的毒害效应及其所引发的生态风险问题,应进一步深入研究稀土对植物吸收重金属的影响及作用机制.     

阿拉善地区生物多样性与自然保护区规划

由于特殊的自然地理条件和独特的地形地貌类型，阿拉善地区具有丰富的珍稀物种资源和多样的生态系统。本文依据保护生物多样性的要求，对该区重点保护区做了具体规划。     

海拉尔区生态环境状况及受损原因和保护、建设对策

运用地理信息系统软件Arcinfo，结合野外调查资料，对2002年海拉尔区遥感数据进行处理，并应用景观生态学原理，从景观水平上对海拉尔区的生态环境进行整体识别和分析。进一步了解了海拉尔区生态环境状况，并通过分析讨论该区生态环境受损原因、保护及对策。     

Avian Community Response to Lowland Tropical Rainforest Isolation: 40 Years of Change at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica

Abstract:  Since 1960, most of the forest surrounding the La Selva Biological Station, an intensively studied tropical research facility in Costa Rica, has been converted to agricultural uses. We used quantitative censuses and analysis of previously published categorical abundances to assess changes in the bird community, and we evaluated potential causes of species-specific changes by assessing their association with habitat, diet, participation in mixed-species flocks, and nest type. Approximately the same percentage of species increased as decreased in abundance from 1960 to 1999 (10–20% of all species, depending on method of assessment). Diet was the single most important trait associated with declining species. At least 50% of the species that declined have insectivorous diets. Use of forest habitat and participation in mixed-species flocks were also significant factors associated with declines, but nest type was unrelated to change in abundance. The species that increased in abundance tended to occur in open habitats and have omnivorous diets. These results reinforce the importance of several population risk factors associated with tropical understory insectivory and mixed-species flocking: patchy spatial distribution, low population density, large home range, and dietary specialization. La Selva's protected area (1611 ha), despite a forested connection on one boundary with a higher elevation national park, is apparently too small to maintain at least one major guild (understory insectivores). This first quantitative assessment of bird community change at La Selva highlights the need to intensify study of the mechanisms and consequences of biological diversity change in tropical forest fragments.     

La/Fe共掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列光催化降解制糖废水

利用阳极氧化法在0.5％(质量分数)HF电解液中20V电压下,对抛光处理过的钛片进行阳极氧化20 min,制得有序的TiO2纳米管阵列.同时,以甲基橙为目标降解物,20 W紫外灯(λ=253.7 nm)为光源,探讨了制备La/Fe掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的最优工艺条件,并利用SEM、XRD对La/Fe掺杂前后TiO2纳米...