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161.
Coastal zones in Portugal, as interface areas between land and sea, have problems related to the growing human pressure in
terms of changes in land use associated with urban and industrial occupation, new accessibility (ports, motorways) and traffic
flows, intensification of recreational use (beaches, water sports) and excessive fishing. Impacts include deterioration of
water quality and sediments; alteration and degradation of natural habitats; new hydrodynamic situations; major landscape
changes: and rapid changes in habits and way of life of the local populations and increased exposure of populations and assets
to natural and induced risks (storms, accidents, spills, explosions).
Plans for the Management of the Coastal Zone (POOC) have been developed and seven of them have been approved, while two similar
plans are at a final stage of preparation. Together they cover the entire coast of Portugal. Their implementation and assessment
could be a first step towards an integrated management of the Portuguese coastal zones. River Basin Management Plans (PBH)
have been concluded and recently approved for the whole country. However, these plans do not consider estuarine systems and
some other issues related to coastal systems. The National Water Plan (PNA) is under public presentation and discussion. Several
‘key messages’ are presented in this paper as a contribution for assessment of the proposals of this plan on issues related
with coastal waters. 相似文献
162.
Christoph Grüter Luis E. Acosta Walter M. Farina 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,60(5):707-715
Transfer of information about food source characteristics within insect societies is essential to colony-foraging success. The food odor communicated within honeybee hives has been shown to be important for food source exploitation. When successful foragers return to the nest and transfer the collected nectar to hive mates through mouth-to-mouth contacts (trophallaxis), potential recruits receiving these samples learn the food odor by associative learning. The food then becomes rapidly distributed among colony members, which is mainly a consequence of the numerous trophallaxes between hive-mates of all ages during food processing. We tested whether the distribution of food among hive mates causes a propagation of olfactory information within the hive. Using the proboscis extension response paradigm, we show that large proportions of bees of the age groups representing the main worker castes, 4 to 9-day-old bees (nurse-aged bees), 12 to 16-day-old bees (food processor-aged bees), and actual foragers (about 17+ day old bees) associatively learn the food odor in the course of processing food that has been collected by only a few foragers. Results further suggest that the information is shared more or less equally between bees of the three age groups. This shows that olfactory information about the flower species exploited by foragers is distributed within the entire colony and is acquired by bees of all age groups, which may influence many behaviors inside and outside the hive. 相似文献
163.
职业卫生安全管理体系(OHSMS)标准倡导好的管理的共同原理,将OHSMS融入组织总的管理体系,与我国组织职业卫生安全(OHS)管理的经验相容,对我国组织在市场经济体制下建立自主安全管理机制有极重要的意义。实施OHSMS标准不存在经济实力的前提,且OHS投入与组织的经济效益是一致的。这种标准化适应了我国经济体制转变时期政府安全管理职能和管理方式的变化,还与我国OHS管理体制的改革方向相吻合。我国基本具备实施OHSMS标准的法律基础。为有效实施OHSMS标准化,应加强OHS法规建设,在监察体系上实行第三方机构的认证/注册制度 相似文献
164.
为延长高温作业行车冷风机的使用寿命,节省投资,分析了产品自身、设备选型、使用、维修等多方面影响产品寿命的原因。并提出了相应的管理措施。 相似文献
165.
166.
斜坡稳定性的二级模糊推断 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据对斜坡稳定性影响的大小,选取了七个主要因于,引用了山西明水河流域几个斜坡样点实测数据.应用模糊近似推论方法及信息分配原理,对斜坡稳定性进行了单因子灰色隶属度分析及综合二级模糊近似推论,该方法克服了传统单因子评价的弊端,能比较真实地反映实际,为布设护坡工程提供了理论依据。 相似文献
167.
Marc Hockings 《Environmental management》1998,22(3):337-345
/ An approach to evaluating the effectiveness of management of protected areas is proposed. This approach has been used in developing an evaluation strategy for the Fraser Island World Heritage Area in Australia. The main component of the strategy is built upon the desired outcomes specified in the management plan for the area and thus provides a basis for assessing the extent to which the plan's objectives are being achieved. A series of monitoring programs have been proposed to enable this assessment. Examples of monitoring programs developed as part of the evaluation strategy are presented. A second component of the strategy monitors the implementation of the management plan. A management information system has been developed to record and report on the extent to which the specific actions specified in the management plan have been implemented. The strategy is discussed in relation to seven objectives set for the evaluation program in its design phase.KEY WORDS: Planning; Evaluation; Monitoring; Management; Protected areas 相似文献
168.
/ Public contact is a vital component of any program to manage natural resources. A well-planned public contact program uses a variety of strategies to create a sympathetic and environmentally aware public and to meet specific management-related objectives. A methodology is proposed that can be applied to planning public contact at any level, from media design for a specific project to corporate strategies for communication. The methodology integrates management-driven, client-driven and resource-driven planning to provide the connections essential to effective communication.KEY WORDS: Planning; Public contact; Interpretation; Conservation; Management 相似文献
169.
170.
Brock TC Crum SJ Deneer JW Heimbach F Roijackers RM Sinkeldam JA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,130(3):411-426
Three different risk assessment procedures are described that aim to protect freshwater habitats from risks of the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides metribuzin and metamitron. These procedures are (1) the first-tier approach, based on standard toxicity tests and the application of an assessment factor, (2) the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) approach, based on laboratory tests with a wider array of species and the application of a statistical model to calculate the HCx (the Hazardous Concentration for x% of the species), and (3) the model ecosystem approach, based on the evaluation of treatment-related effects in field enclosures. A comparison of the risk assessment procedures reveals that the first-tier approach is the most conservative for metamitron and metribuzin, and that HC5 values (and even HC10 values) based on acute EC50 values of algae and aquatic vascular plants may be used to derive maximum permissible concentrations for single applications. For both compounds these HC5 values were very similar to the ecological threshold concentrations in the enclosure studies. In contrast to model ecosystem experiments, however, HCx values based on lab toxicity tests do not provide information on the recovery potential of sensitive endpoints and on indirect effects, which may be important for regulatory decision-making. In the enclosure study, indirect effects of metribuzin on invertebrate populations were observed at an exposure concentration that was approximately 20 times lower than the corresponding HC5 value based on lab toxicity data for aquatic invertebrates. 相似文献