Ecological modeling for water quality management of Kwangyang Bay, Korea

This study estimated the appropriate pollutant load reduction from point sources in Kwangyang Bay, Korea, using an eco-hydrodynamic model. The total chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (TP) loads from rivers and ditches that provide input to the bay were approximately 2.8x10(4), 2.5x10(4), and 5.9x10(2) kg day-1, respectively. Wastewater discharge from industrial complexes was the greatest contributor to pollutant loads in the inner part of the bay. COD values in the inner part of the bay were greater than 3.0 mg l-1, and exceeded Korean seawater quality grade III limits. A residual current was simulated, using a hydrodynamic model, to have a slightly complicated pattern in the inner part of the bay, ranging from 0.001 to 8 cm s-1. In the outer part of the bay, the simulated current flowed out to the South Sea with a southward flow at a maximum of 15 cm s-1. The results of the ecological model simulation of COD levels showed high concentrations, exceeding 4 mg l-1, in the southwest of the Myodo, an area of wastewater discharge, and lower levels, approaching less than 1 mg l-1, closer to the outer part of the bay. Engineering countermeasures to reduce the organic and inorganic material loads from point sources by more than 45% were required to keep the COD levels below 2 mg l-1.     

INDUSTRY COMPLIANCE WITH STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS: THE CASE OF TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY FACILITIES IN CALIFORNIA AND THE LOS ANGELES REGION1

ABSTRACT: Pollutants in urban storm water runoff, a significant and increasing fraction of pollutants in some waters of the U.S., originate from multiple activities. The industrial sector, one source category, is subject to federal and state-level storm water pollution prevention regulations, primarily General NPDES Permits that rely heavily on facility operators to identify themselves and develop appropriate site-specific pollutant controls. Degree of compliance is not readily determined and enforcement is inhibited because no publicly-available inventories contain data necessary to comprehensively identify facilities required to comply. This research evaluates the first stage of compliance, facility self-identification, concentrating on the motor-vehicle, transportation industry category using data at three scales: statewide, regional, and local or watershed. Data for California statewide and for the Los Angeles region show about 8 percent to 15 percent of motor-vehicle transportation facilities have complied with first-stage requirements. However, facility-specific evaluation in one Los Angeles County watershed suggests less than 50 percent of facilities in the industry conduct industrial activities of the kind covered by regulations; others need not comply. Results show strong variation by industry category. Second-stage compliance, follow-up reporting, is also evaluated for the Los Angeles region. About 17 percent to 34 percent of facilities completing first-stage requirements have also completed second-stage requirements.     

Characteristics of metal enrichment in Deep Bay, Hong Kong

Abstract: Sediment cores, suspended particles and overlying water were collected in Deep Bay, Hong Kong. Enrichment of Zn in surface sediments in the landward direction and the decreasing of exchangeable Cd, Ni and Zn in sediment from the inner bay to the outer bay indicated the influence of anthropogenic pollutants discharged from the riparian runoffs.     

Sediment environmental capacity of 137Cs in Daya Bay

Sediment environmental capacity of pollutants is very important for marine environmental management. Based on the methodology of a study on water, soil environmental capacity, and mass conservation theory in a system, the concept and model on sediment environmental capacity for ¹³⁷Cs in Daya Bay were developed. The static capacity for ¹³⁷Cs in the upper sediment near the shore at a shallow area was calculated, and the annual dynamic capacity and total dynamic capacity were also calculated through determination of the typical biomass in the sediment. The results showed that the estimated environmental capacity for ¹³⁷Cs in sediments was approximately equal to the current input of ¹³⁷Cs into the sediments. Controlling the input of ¹³⁷Cs in the sediments within the environmental capacity guarantees the sustainability of the current situation of the Daya Bay ecosystem and avoidance of a significant degradation of the system. Translated from Research of Environmental Sciences, 2005, 18(3): 11–14 [译自: 环境科学研究]     

小窑湾海域的环境现状及其发展趋势研究

本文对小窑湾海域的水化学，沉积物和生物体化学要素含量水平和分布进行了研究。其结果为，１４种水化要素，没有一种要素超标；１２种沉积化学要素超出环境允许标准；生物体中残毒量未超过生物允许标准此湾底质受污染晃北岸西部地段，并受控于水动力因素，最衙得出该湾环境变化几点认识。     

哑铃湾网箱养殖环境容量研究

在综述分析前人关于网箱养殖污染负荷计算方法的基础上，借助网箱养殖物质平衡方程和实地监测实验数据，建立了哑铃湾网箱养殖污染负荷数学模型，并在模型中首次考虑了底泥累积污染影响。一方面为计算网箱养殖环境容量提供理论基础和计算参数，另一方面也为国内外相关的计算提供方法和参考。     

钦州湾近20a来水环境指标变化趋势Ⅱ油类的分布特征及其污染状况

利用1983—1999年8个航次对钦州湾的调查资料，描述了不同时期油类分布特征，讨论了油类含量与环境因子之间的关系，并对该湾油类的污染程度进行了分析。结果表明：该湾油类多具有害夏季明显高于秋冬季、开发初期明显高于中、后期的分布特征；与环境因子之间的关系以秋季较为密切，冬季次之，春夏季较差，其中物理过程及营养盐的阵解作用占主导控制地位，生物过程次之；其污染状况以1983—1984年较为严重，1996—1997年次之，1990年和1999年水质状况较好。     

芝罘湾附近海域底质环境现状

选取了芝罘湾底质听１０项环境因子，从分其含量及分布特征入手，来描述该海域底质环境现状。结果表明：该海域污染物含量较高，特别在港也内和芝罘岛东南端。     

渤海湾南部沿岸海区1992—1995年结冰特征与分析

本文对渤海湾南部沿岸海区１９９２－１９９５年冬季现场海冰的实测资料进行了分析总结，探讨研究了该海区海冰的外貌特征，冰情特性及生消变化情况，并对影响该海区冰情的最重要因素－气温与海冰的关系进行了分析。     

大李家湾养殖水域浮游动物数量分布

1997年4月至1998年4月对大李家湾养殖水域进行了综合调查。结果表明，大李家湾共鉴定出浮游动物52种，隶属于5门、5纲、15目、33科40属。浮游动物生物量在养殖区内、外月际变化趋势相同，生物量差别不大。1月份生物量最高，11月份最低。在个体丰度上，小型浮游桡足类所占比例较大。同时，分析了浮游动物的分布与环境因素之间的关系。