Preliminary investigation of sensitive biomarkers of trace metal pollution in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Izmir Bay (Turkey)

The aim of this study was to identify possible relationships between biochemical- superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and chemical (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) contaminants from relatively clean area (Middle Bay) and heavily polluted area (Inner Bay) of the Izmir Bay. Sampling of mussels was performed in the beginning of May 2004. Mussel digestive glands have been used for biochemical assays. Trace metal content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer using standard procedures. Metal contents in mussels collected at polluted site increased compared to the middle part of the bay. While there was a positive correlation between metals and SOD enzyme activity, there was a negative correlation between metals and GPx enzyme activity. An increase was observed in SOD enzyme activity and a decrease of GPx enzyme activity at the inner part of the bay.     

锦州湾海域生态系统健康状况评价

基于结构功能指标体系评价法,利用层次分析法构建锦州湾海域生态系统健康评价指标体系,并选择2005—2009年8月生态调查数据对其进行初步的定量评价。结果表明,可以通过海洋化学指标、生态学指标和社会经济学指标三大类33个指标来建立锦州湾生态系统健康评价指标体系;2005—2009年8月锦州湾生态系统的整合健康指数依次分别为1.01、1.90、2.00、1.45和1.10,均低于系统健康指数值2,锦州湾海域生态系统连续5年一直处于亚健康状态,且从目前海域的污染现状来看,这一海域的水质、沉积物和生物体污染均比较严重,要修复其生态功能需要投入巨大的物质和能量。     

Evaluation of cetacean exposure to organotin compounds in Brazilian waters through hepatic total tin concentrations

In Brazil, there is no restriction to the use of organotins (OTs). Previous investigations have shown that hepatic ∑Sn in cetaceans is predominantly organic. Hepatic ∑Sn concentrations were determined by GFAAS in 67 cetaceans (13 species) that stranded on Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Espirito Santo (ES) states. Concentrations (in ng/g wet wt.) of marine tucuxis (n = 20) from the highly contaminated Guanabara Bay (in RJ) varied from 1703 to 9638. Concentrations of three marine tucuxi foetuses and one newborn calf (all from Guanabara Bay) varied between 431 and 2107. Contrastingly, the maximum level among 19 oceanic dolphins was 346, and 15 out of these 19 specimens presented concentrations below detection limit. The levels of Sn in six marine tucuxis from a less contaminated area (ES) varied from below detection limit to 744. Comparing to the literature, coastal cetaceans from Brazil appear to be highly exposed to OTs.     

Spatial Analysis of Soil Erosion and Sediment Fluxes: A Paired Watershed Study of Two Rappahannock River Tributaries, Stafford County, Virginia

Soil erosion is a serious problem in areas with expanding construction, agricultural production, and improper storm water management. It is important to understand the major processes affecting sediment delivery to surficial water bodies in order to tailor effective mitigation and outreach activities. This study analyzes how naturally occurring and anthropogenic influences, such as urbanization and soil disturbance on steep slopes, are reflected in the amount of soil erosion and sediment delivery within sub-watershed-sized areas. In this study, two sub-watersheds of the Rappahannock River, Horsepen Run and Little Falls Run, were analyzed using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and a sediment delivery ratio (SDR) to estimate annual sediment flux rates. The RUSLE/SDR analyses for Horsepen Run and Little Falls Run predicted 298 Mg/y and 234 Mg/y, respectively, but nearly identical per-unit-area sediment flux rates of 0.15 Mg/ha/y and 0.18 Mg/ha/y. Suspended sediment sampling indicated greater amounts of sediment in Little Falls Run, which is most likely due to anthropogenic influences. Field analyses also suggest that all-terrain vehicle crossings represent the majority of sediment flux derived from forested areas of Horsepen Run. The combined RUSLE/SDR and field sampling data indicate that small-scale anthropogenic disturbances (ATV trails and construction sites) play a major role in overall sediment flux rates for both basins and that these sites must be properly accounted for when evaluating sediment flux rates at a sub-watershed scale.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their hydroxylated metabolites in fish bile and sediments from coastal waters of Colombia

Sediments and fish bile collected from the Atlantic coastal waters of Colombia were analyzed for 16 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 23 hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs), respectively. Sediments contained overall mean SigmaPAH concentrations of 2090, 234 and 170 ng/g, dry wt, for Cartagena Bay, Caimanera Marsh, and Totumo Marsh, respectively. The mean concentration of the summed OH-PAHs in fish bile was 1250, 180 and 64.1 ng/g bile wt for Cartagena Bay, Caimanera Marsh, and Totumo Marsh, respectively. The results suggest that Cartagena Bay is heavily polluted by PAHs, and that exposure to high concentrations of PAHs together with other factors could contribute to the decreased health of fish living in this ecosystem. This is one of the first studies to describe the analysis of 23 individual OH-PAHs in fish bile, using authentic standards.     

粤港澳大湾区土壤污染问题计量及可视化分析

土壤污染问题已经成为粤港澳大湾区迈向国际一流湾区的桎梏,对标纽约、旧金山和东京三大世界一流湾区可以为应对大湾区土壤环境压力提供方向指引.以Web of Science核心数据库中相关文献为研究对象,运用文献共被引分析、关键词共现分析和关键词突现检测的文献计量定量分析方法,对世界三大湾区土壤污染领域的研究现状进行了分析.结果表明,目前世界湾区土壤污染的研究主题主要集中在土壤污染物来源、空间分布、修复处理研究,以及土壤污染的生物可利用度、对海洋生物的不利影响、海洋生物指标在土壤污染评估的作用;土壤污染物研究的热点集中在重金属污染和有机污染上,海洋生物关联研究则对土壤污染的毒性、引发的生物性畸变和生物标志物讨论较多.通过对比国内外湾区土壤污染研究状况,发现我国湾区土壤污染研究相比世界三大湾区起步较晚,且现有国内文献成果的研究区域和主题分布不均衡,特别是在湾区土壤污染的海洋生物关联研究方面热度较低.因此,开展粤港澳大湾区海陆一体化研究、扩展考察领域至土壤污染的相关海洋生物研究,对完善我国粤港澳大湾区土壤污染研究、应对大湾区土壤环境问题至关重要.     

香溪河库湾春季pCO2与浮游植物生物量的关系

测定了春季香溪河库湾的水温(WT)、pH、HCO3-浓度、溶氧(DO)及叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度等参数.根据化学平衡和亨利定律计算二氧化碳分压(pCO2),以薄层扩散模型计算碳通量.结果表明,香溪河库湾春季表层水体pCO2在8.34～168.70μatm间波动,平均为49.01μatm.空间上,pCO2自上游到河口呈明显上升趋势,Chl-a浓度则逐渐下降.时间上,昼夜pCO2在74.43～168.70μatm间波动,平均为117.92μatm,Chl-a浓度在2.22～4.55 mg.m-3之间,平均为3.04 mg.m-3.香溪河库湾春季表层水体pCO2与Chl-a浓度之间存在极显著的负相关关系(r=-0.844,P<0.01),浮游植物光合作用是pCO2的主要影响因子.香溪河库湾春季是CO2的汇,CO2吸收速率为-35.17 mmol.(m2.d)-1.     

锦州湾沉积物芯样中重金属污染及变化动态

研究了锦州湾海域底质沉积物中重金属（Zn,Pb,Cd,Fe,Mn）的含量分布,并以一个代表性的水平剖面和一个垂直剖面（J06号芯样）分析了重金属含量变化动态。通过回归计算得出几种金属在水平距离上的变化方程;在分析该湾沉积理化环境基础上,探讨了重金属地球化学相的垂向含量变化,Fe、Mn二元素的垂直剖面的成岩演变。认为沉积物中金属元素释放出来而污染上覆海水,最后得出该湾金属的污染程度及环境现状的结论。     

大连湾污染排放总量控制研究：海湾纳污能力计算模型

基于质量守恒原理和线性迭加原理，导出了受纳水域对污染源的响应关系，建立了海域污染总量控制的计算模式，计算了大连湾的容许入海负荷总量，各排污口的污染分担率和削减率，为大连湾污染源治理提供了科学依据。     

胶州湾潮滩湿地CHBr3通量特征及影响因素研究

在2016年7月~2017年5月期间,运用静态箱法对胶州湾潮滩湿地系统的CHBr₃排放通量进行了观测,并对影响CHBr₃通量的主要影响因子进行了探究.结果表明,胶州湾潮滩湿地是CHBr₃的排放源,互花米草湿地和光滩释放CHBr₃的通量均值分别为10.92nmol/（m²×d）和8.96nmol/（m²×d）,说明互花米草湿地在一定程度上能够促进CHBr₃的排放.不同潮滩湿地之间CHBr₃的排放通量有明显区别.互花米草湿地在夏秋季节较高的CHBr₃通量可能主要是受温度和植被生物量的影响,光滩在冬春季节较高的CHBr₃通量可能与冻融循环过程有关.胶州湾潮滩湿地环境因素变化比较复杂,CHBr₃的排放通量受多种因素的影响.温度对CHBr₃排放通量的影响显著,而植被生长状况、水盐条件和营养元素等对CHBr₃排放通量的影响也不容忽视.