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711.
通过采用GDX-502富集,GC-MS分析,对城市河流、湖库中的痕量有机污染物进行分析,共检出58种有机污染物,其中含有多种美国EPA公布的重点污染物,从而为痕量有机污染物的研究建立了灵敏度高,分辨率好的测试方法。 相似文献
712.
基于灰色关联分析法的林甸县污水泡中重金属和毒性元素污染情况评价 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为了探讨人类活动对水体重金属和毒性元素含量的影响,测量了污水泡8个样点的Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb等重金属和As、Se等毒性元素质量浓度。在综合考虑各种水质评价方法的基础上,采用灰色关联分析方法对水中重金属和毒性元素污染情况进行了评价。结果显示,水中重金属和毒性元素污染并不严重,8个采样点中有7个样点符合Ⅰ类水体标准,1个样点为Ⅱ类水体。其原因是污水泡附近没有工业区,排出的污水属生活污水,污染并非重金属和毒性元素造成。 相似文献
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716.
An international workshop held in the spring of 2002 convened a group of technical experts to address monitoring, modeling,
and management of PCBs within the Detroit River-Western Lake Erie basin. Participants shared and discussed a diverse set of
research data bases pertaining to PCB levels within the region, discussed observed changes within different components of
the local ecosystem, and identified several primary issues impacting future PCB management strategies. Results presented at
the workshop indicate dramatic reductions in PCB contamination levels have been observed in much of study area between the
late 1970s and mid-1990s. Estimates of loadings attributable to water and atmospheric sources have generally declined, as
have PCB concentrations in herring gull eggs, smelt and walleye. Nevertheless, additional improvements have not been observed
during recent years and elevated contamination levels remain a concern within local hot spots, particularly in the lower Detroit
River and Trenton Channel. A primary recommendation broadly supported by workshop participants is the need to maintain, support,
and coordinate a comprehensive ecosystem monitoring program for the Detroit River-Western Lake Erie basin, one that incorporates
both near-field and far-field monitoring elements. Such a program is crucial to provide necessary data in support of understanding
ecosystem trends, calculating annual mass loadings to the system, assessing impacts of remediation actions, developing improved
modeling frameworks, and formulating cost-effective management strategies for the future. 相似文献
717.
The Status of Pesticide Residues in the Drinking Water Sources in Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The study was carried out to assess the levels of pesticide residues in the water of Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China. The most commonly employed organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and herbicide atrazine were analyzed. The water samples were collected seasonally from Meiliangwan Bay within a period of one year. The pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with μECD or NPD after solid-phase extraction (SPE), which was confirmed by GC with an ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). The mean concentrations were 1.98 ng/l for lindane, 0.378 ng/l for heptachlor epoxide, 0.367 ng/l for p,p′-DDE, 0.496 ng/l for p,p′-DDD, 1.06 ng/l for p,p′-DDT and 51.6 ng/l for dichlorvos, 39.0 ng/l for demeton, 346 ng/l for dimethoate, 4.12 ng/l for methyl parathion, 11.6 ng/l for malathion, 2.17 ng/l for parathion and 217 ng/l for atrazine. Generally, low concentrations of OCP were found, whereas the concentrations of the OPPs and atrazine in the water of Taihu Lake were relatively high. Heptachlor epoxide and lindane were the two most commonly encountered OCPs while dichlorvos, demeton and dimethoate were found to have much higher concentrations and occurrences than other OPPs. 相似文献
718.
Urbanization can exert a profound influence on land covers and landscape characteristics. In this study, we characterize the impact of urbanization on land cover and lacustrine landscape and their consequences in a large urban lake watershed, Donghu Lake watershed (the largest urban lake in China), Central China, by using Landsat TM satellite images of three periods of 1987, 1993 and 1999 and ground-based information. We grouped the land covers into six categories: water body, vegetable land, forested land, shrub-grass land, open area and urban land, and calculated patch-related landscape indices to analyze the effects of urbanization on landscape features. We overlaid the land cover maps of the three periods to track the land cover change processes. The results indicated that urban land continuously expanded from 9.1% of the total watershed area in 1987, to 19.4% in 1993, and to 29.6% in 1999. The vegetable land increased from 7.0% in 1987, 11.9% in 1993, to 13.9% in 1999 to sustain the demands of vegetable for increased urban population. Concurrently, continuous reduction of other land cover types occurred between 1987 and 1999: water body decreased from 30.4% to 23.8%, and forested land from 33.6% to 24.3%. We found that the expansion of urban land has at least in part caused a decrease in relatively wild habitats, such as urban forest and lake water area. These alterations had resulted in significant negative environmental consequences, including decline of lakes, deterioration of water and air quality, and loss of biodiversity. 相似文献
719.
合肥市环巢湖地区种植业面源污染监测与评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过2016—2018年在合肥市环巢湖5个县区主要农田周边沟渠中采集水样,监测农田氮磷流失浓度,并评价该区域种植业面源污染状况.结果表明,这3年该区域种植业TN、TP流失的平均质量浓度分别为3.48 mg/L、0.602 mg/L,均高于地表水Ⅴ类水质标准.2016年与2017年TN、TP浓度差异不大,2018年较前两... 相似文献
720.
农业非点源污染对太湖水质的影响:发展态势与研究重点 总被引:35,自引:6,他引:35
太湖水污染的主要症结是水体中氮、磷不断富集导致的富营养化,而随着区内化肥用量的不断增加和集约化畜禽殖业的发展,流域内农业非点源营养物质的排放将保持持续上升的势头。要实现使太湖水变清的目的,必须把农业非点源营养物的排放控制在最低的水平,为了达到这一目标,今后应加强:(1)农业养分流失的定量化研究;(2)非点源污染物的转移转化特征研究;(3)农业非点源污染高风险区的识别;(4)农业非点源污染的控制与管理对策研究。 相似文献