云南抚仙湖流域磷化工对农田土壤和农作物的影响

通过对云南抚仙湖流域磷化工厂附近农田和区域内地表径流污染物含量进行调查分析,结果表明距磷化工厂越近,农田灌溉水、土壤、农作物中污染物含量越高。磷化工生产排放的废水和废渣淋溶废水严重污染了附近农田灌溉水,从而造成农田土壤氟、磷积累,最高分别超过对照农田土壤氟、磷含量35和37倍。相关分析结果表明农作物茎、叶蓄积的高浓度氟、磷主要来源于受磷化工排放废水和废渣污染的农田土壤。     

甜菜制糖生产废水处理技术研究

甜菜制糖工业废水由于其流量大、有机物浓度高、且季节性生产的特点,使得污水处理工艺难以按照常规方式进行。本研究选择适合北方地区特点、运行费用低、再启动快捷的水解-好氧-化学氧化-混凝沉淀的处理工艺,将生化与物化方法相结合,最后达到理想的效果,也为同类型工业污水的处理提供参考经验。     

基于总磷的长湖水环境容量核算

在对长湖流域水资源状况、水质现状、水文条件调查的基础上,根据水质目标的要求,利用纳污水体的概率型水环境容量模型,对基于总磷的长湖水环境容量进行了核算。结果表明：长湖的水环境容量是动态变化的,而模型的选取和参数的取值对概率型水环境容量的计算非常关键。通过计算分析得到长湖磷的概率水环境容量为：19％丰水期：41．9t／a-45．9t／a;49％平水期：31．8t／a～41．9Va;32％枯水期：11．8t／a～31．8t／a。     

太湖水体富营养化中农业面污染源的影响研究

太湖流域地处长江三角洲核心部位,是我国的工业经济中心,但同时也是水体富营养化最严重的地区之一。文章通过实地调研、采集得到太湖流域污染的相关数据资料,运用结构解析模型(ISM)建模,通过研究太湖蓝藻各诱发因子的主次关系,对太湖蓝藻危机爆发的成因做了深入的分析。并以GIS为平台核算其耕地面积,结合当地土壤数据及作物特征,计算出了太湖流域农业每年磷的排放量,占总磷排放量的70.7%,得出农业面源产生的的氮、磷流失是引起太湖水体富营养化的重要原因。     

环境中苯并[a]芘的研究进展

苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)是国际公认的人类化学致癌物,在自然界中分布极广,卫生学中一般以它作为多环芳烃类致癌物的代表物.详细介绍了B[a]P的来源、理化性质、检测方法、毒性、致毒机理以及降解特性等方面最近的研究进展.展望了B[a]P今后重要的研究方向.     

Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake

Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations.     

Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in removal of pollutant in Taihu Lake, China

Two plant populations of Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in Taihu Lake, China. The substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter (P < 0.01), with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%-63% for P. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for T. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. Both species and substrates significantly decreased the N and P conc...     

国产小轿车车内空气质量初步调查

对使用30d和1a左右的国产中档车（排气量1．5～2．01）进行了检测,结果表明：甲醛、氨和TVOC超标;苯、甲苯和二甲苯合格。分析了污染物超标原因,提出了建议。     

火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中金属锌吸光度高的原因

通过实验发现,由于在消解过程中使用玻璃管移取氢氟酸,导致了玻璃中的锌进入了样品中,给样品的分析带来了干扰,从而导致了分析的失败.     

洱海流域农田土壤氮素的矿化及其影响因素

采用好氧间歇淋洗培养法,对洱海流域内的农田、菜地土壤样品培养2周,研究土壤氮的矿化及其影响因素.结果表明,表层土壤2周氮矿化量平均为65.54mg/kg.不同农田利用方式下,表层土壤氮矿化量的平均值为露地菜田粮田大蒜田.土壤氮素矿化以硝态氮为主,且随着土壤深度的增加而降低.土壤氮矿化同全氮、有机质含量呈明显的正相关关系,与pH值呈负相关;氮矿化与无机氮含量、C/N之间无显著关系.全氮、有机质和pH值是影响该流域农田土壤矿化的主要因子.