垃圾渗滤液对潮滩沉积物营养盐污染影响研究

以上海市老港垃扭填埋场附近潮滩为例,研究了垃圾渗滤液的排放对潮滩沉积物营养盐污染负荷的影响,结果表明：由于垃圾渗滤液的排放,潮滩表层沉积物中营养盐N、P的含量显著增加;在向海向上,随距排污口距离的增加表层沉积物中N、P的含量有所降低;受垃圾填埋时间长短的影响。南北线潮滩沉积物中N、P的含量有明显差异,北线沉积物中总无机氮和总无机磷的含量均明显高于南线。柱样沉积物中N、P的含量随深度也呈现一定的变化规律：氨氮含量随深度的增加而增加,总磷含量随深度的增加而减少。     

电催化系统-电生物炭接触氧化床处理垃圾渗滤液

 提出了电催化系统(ECS)组合电生物炭接触氧化床(EBACOR)来处理垃圾渗滤液的方法.结果表明,ECS-EBACOR法诸多的影响因素中,对处理效率影响最大的是ECS的电活性催化填料组分.GC/MS分析结果表明,垃圾渗滤液中的64种有毒有机污染物经ECS处理后,大部分已被矿化成CO₂、H₂O或降解为小分子有机物.ECS-EBACOR现场运行试验结果还表明,当垃圾渗滤液废水中的COD和NH₃-N浓度分别在3000～5000mg/L以及1100～1780mg/L范围时,COD和NHs₃-N去除率均可超过90%.     

Metals and metalloid bioconcentrations in the tissues of Typha latifolia grown in the four interconnected ponds of a domestic landfill site

The uptake of metals in roots and their transfer to rhizomes and above-ground plant parts (stems, leaves) of cattails (Typha latifolia L.) were studied in leachates from a domestic landfill site (Etueffont, France) and treated in a natural lagooning system. Plant parts and corresponding water and sediment samples were taken at the inflow and outflow points of the four ponds at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in the different compartments were estimated and their removal efficiency assessed, reaching more than 90% for Fe, Mn and Ni in spring and fall as well in the water compartment. The above- and below-ground cattail biomass varied from 0.21 to 0.85, and 0.34 to 1.24 kg dry weight/m², respectively, the highest values being recorded in the fourth pond in spring 2011. The root system was the first site of accumulation before the rhizome, stem and leaves. The highest metal concentration was observed in roots from cattails growing at the inflow of the system''s first pond. The trend in the average trace element concentrations in the cattail plant organs can generally be expressed as: Fe > Mn > As > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd for both spring and fall. While T. latifolia removes trace elements efficiently from landfill leachates, attention should also be paid to the negative effects of these elements on plant growth.     

渗滤液回灌对其最终处理的影响中试研究

针对2座中试规模反应柱,分别考察渗滤液回灌和不回灌的情况,研究传统厌氧型生物反应器填埋场渗滤液回灌对其最终处理的影响.结果表明:回灌对渗滤液中的有机污染物有很好的去除效果,但对难降解物质以及氮、磷的净化效果不明显.回灌44周后,渗滤液的BOD5去除率达到98.5%,但出流的BOD₅/COD值仅为0.07,BOD₅/TN和BOD₅/TP分别为0.13和11,远低于厌氧条件下微生物生长适值,很难通过传统的生物处理方法净化.在设计生物反应器填埋场时,应该充分考虑到渗滤液经过回灌后组成特性,选择合适的渗滤液处理方案和填埋、回灌方式,充分利用垃圾体的净化作用.     

城市生活垃圾填理场及压缩站的环境影响探讨

简述了填埋法处理城市生活垃圾的全过程，分析这一过程中垃圾压缩站和垃圾填埋场的环境影响，并探讨了控制污染的对策措施。     

活性焦对垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物的吸附及影响因素研究

垃圾渗滤液经预处理后与城市污水混合进行生物处理是较为有效的方法,但垃圾渗滤液中含大量难降解有机物,严重影响了城镇污水处理厂出水COD.因此,需强化垃圾渗滤液预处理过程,使其适用于生物处理.本研究采用活性焦吸附某垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液,发现活性焦对垃圾渗滤液中COD、色度、恶臭、TOC、TN等均具有良好的处理效果.通过对吸附性能的影响因素研究发现,活性焦种类、投加量、p H和吸附时间均会影响吸附效果,最佳活性焦投加量为20 g·L~(-1),酸性条件更有利于吸附,渗滤液中COD的去除主要发生在吸附过程的前1 h.活性焦吸附可提高垃圾渗滤液的可生化性,主要吸附垃圾渗滤液中难降解芳香族大分子有机物,其中,对溶解性有机物中疏水性有机酸组分的吸附效果最佳,使其出水适用于生物处理,从而保证污水处理厂COD可以稳定达标排放.     

城市生活污水和生活垃圾渗滤液抗生素抗性基因污染的比较研究

为研究城市生活污水(接收生活垃圾渗滤液后合并进入污水厂处理)和垃圾渗滤液中抗生素抗性的分布格局,采用高通量荧光定量PCR技术对城市生活污水和生活垃圾渗滤液中的抗生素抗性基因的多样性和丰度进行了分析.结果表明,生活垃圾渗滤液中检测出39种抗性基因,城市生活污水中检测出187种抗性基因,两者检出的抗生素抗性种类有显著差异(P0.05);相对于垃圾渗滤液,城市生活污水抗生素抗性基因有119种显著增加(P0.05),其中增加倍数最大的是转座子tnp A-04基因,blaVEB基因,分别达到了3 338倍和1 061倍,表明可移动元件转座子基因和β-内酰胺类抗生素抗性基因在城市生活污水中得到有效富集和传播;城市生活污水是环境抗生素抗性基因的重要存储库.     

Solid waste characteristics and their relationship to gas production in tropical landfill

Solid waste characteristics and landfill gas emission rate in tropical landfill was investigated in this study. The experiment was conducted at a pilot landfill cell in Thailand where fresh and two-year-old wastes in the cell were characterized at various depths of 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 m. Incoming solid wastes to the landfill were mainly composed of plastic and foam (24.05%). Other major components were food wastes (16.8%) and paper (13.3%). The determination of material components in disposed wastes has shown that the major identifiable components in the wastes were plastic and foam which are resistant to biodegradation. The density of solid waste increased along the depth of the landfill from 240 kg m⁻³ at the top to 1,260 kg m⁻³ at the bottom. Reduction of volatile solids content in waste samples along the depth of landfill suggests that biodegradation of solid waste has taken place to a greater extent at the bottom of the landfill. Gas production rates obtained from anaerobic batch experiment were in agreement with field measurements showing that the rates increased along the depth of the landfill cell. They were found in range between 0.05 and 0.89 l kg⁻¹ volatile solids day⁻¹. Average emission rate of methane through the final cover soil layer was estimated as 23.95 g⁻²day⁻¹ and 1.17 g⁻²day⁻¹ during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively.     

城市生活垃圾渗滤液土地处理的模拟研究

通过静态与动态试验以及小试,从5种土壤中筛选出适合重庆地区垃圾渗滤液土地处理的基质土壤,确定了土地渗滤和芦苇湿地等两组土地处理系统净化城市垃圾渗滤液的有关参数,模拟处理结果表明垃圾渗滤液经两级土地处理后,春氨氮和CODcr的去除率均达到90%以上,出水水质达到国家一级排放标准。     

城市垃圾处理的新动向——生物反应器填埋场技术

基于传统垃圾卫生填埋场的不足,介绍了生物反应器填埋场及其对垃圾和渗滤液中污染物的有效去除和阻滞机理,总结了生物反应器填埋场降低渗滤液污染强度、增加填埋场有效容积、提高产气量、加速填埋声稳定、降低垃圾处置成本等优势,概括了生物反应器填埋场设计和操作支行要素,提出了今后的发展方向。