C8-SBA-15新型介孔涂层SPME-HPLC联用测定水样中的芘

以辛基键合SBA- 15为固相微萃取(SPME)的吸附涂层,考察了吸附和解吸时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率对SPME效率的影响.该方法的线性范围为3.0-320μg/L,检出限为0.5μg/L,依据此方法测定了环境水样中芘,具有灵敏度高和精密度好的特点.     

环境砷中毒人群皮肤损害与DNA氧化损伤的关联性

选择内蒙古自治区某县长期暴露于高砷饮用水的人群中有皮肤损害者199人(病例组)和无皮肤损害者91人(对照组)作为研究对象,检测饮用水砷、尿砷和DNA氧化损伤的主要标志物8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)水平,以分析慢性砷中毒人群DNA氧化损伤与皮肤损害的相关性.结果表明,砷性皮肤损害组和无皮肤损害组人群尿中8-OHdG水平的中位数(四分位间距)分别为4.9(3.5~6.3)μg/g和5.3(4.1~7.2)μg/g,2组对象尿中8-OHdG水平间差异无统计学意义(P=0.074);多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,在校正了年龄、体质指数(BMI)、吸烟、饮酒和饮用高砷水时间等可能的混杂因素后,皮肤损害组人群尿中8-OHdG水平升高的比值比(OR)为1.1(95%CI:0.6,1.9),提示在砷暴露人群中,有无皮肤损害与8-OHdG水平的差异无统计学意义(P=0.863).慢性砷中毒人群皮肤损害与体内的DNA氧化损伤之间无显著的关联性,无皮肤损害人群同样有DNA氧化损伤的风险.     

Exceptional responders in conservation

Conservation operates within complex systems with incomplete knowledge of the system and the interventions utilized. This frequently results in the inability to find generally applicable methods to alleviate threats to Earth's vanishing wildlife. One approach used in medicine and the social sciences has been to develop a deeper understanding of positive outliers. Where such outliers share similar characteristics, they may be considered exceptional responders. We devised a 4‐step framework for identifying exceptional responders in conservation: identification of the study system, identification of the response structure, identification of the threshold for exceptionalism, and identification of commonalities among outliers. Evaluation of exceptional responders provides additional information that is often ignored in randomized controlled trials and before–after control‐intervention experiments. Interrogating the contextual factors that contribute to an exceptional outcome allow exceptional responders to become valuable pieces of information leading to unexpected discoveries and novel hypotheses.     

基于Landsat8影像估算新安江水库光合有效辐射漫射衰减系数

光合有效辐射(photosynthetically active radiation,PAR)是指可以被植物利用并进行光合作用的那部分太阳辐射,其进入湖水后受光学组分(悬浮颗粒、有色可溶性有机物和浮游植物)的吸收和散射作用发生衰减,对湖泊生物的密度和分布具有重要影响.本研究构建了基于Landsat 8影像数据的较为清洁的新安江水库PAR漫衰减系数的遥感估算模型,进而分析其时空分布特征及主要影响因素.结果表明,利用Landsat 8的第二、三和第八波段构建的多元回归模型能够得到较为准确的估算结果,模型决定系数为0.87.利用独立样本对构建的模型验证,预测值和实测值相对误差绝对值均值为9.16%,均方根误差为0.06 m~(-1),由此可见利用Landsat 8数据的3个波段,采用多元回归模型能够较好地估算较清洁水体的PAR漫射衰减系数.基于14景Landsat 8影像发现,新安江水库PAR漫射衰减系数季节差异性明显,秋季(9~11月)和夏季(6~8月)PAR漫射衰减系数较高,分别为(0.82±0.60)m~(-1)和(0.77±0.41)m~(-1),而冬季(12~次年2月)和春季(3~5月)PAR漫射衰减系数相对较低,分别为(0.56±0.50)m~(-1)和(0.40±0.45)m~(-1).新安江水库PAR漫射衰减系数空间差异性显著,全湖PAR漫射衰减系数变化范围为(0.002~13.86)m~(-1),均值为(0.64±0.49)m~(-1).漫射衰减系数的季节变化主要是由季节性降雨和浮游植物季节性生长引起,空间差异性主要由外源河流输入和部分水域采砂过程导致悬浮物浓度变化引起.     

铜对缘管浒苔（Enteromorpha linza）的毒性效应

研究了铜对缘管浒苔（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈａｌｉｎｚａ）的毒性效应，试验了不同的配合剂对铜的毒性效应及累积量的影响。结果发现，铜对缘管浒苔的毒性效应阈值为０．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ；０．５０ｍｇ／ＬＣｕ￣（２＋）可使缘管浒苔迅速死亡，培养９６ｈ后光合作用强度下降为零。ＥＤＴＡ可抑制铜在藻体中的累积，缓解毒性；８－羟基喹啉则促进铜在藻体中的累积，加刷了毒性。和铜污染的培养介质短期接触（＜１ｍ后，加入足量ＥＤＴＡ，藻体生长和对照组相当，较长时间接触（＞４ｈ）后，ＥＤ－ＴＡ不能使藻恢复生长。结合ＥＤＴＡ“洗脱”实验提出，Ｃｕ￣（２＋）可能首先经离子交换机制结合于藻体表面，之后，才逐步向细胞内转移。     

厦门市绿色植被降温服务功能核算及其时空动态特征

为了准确核算厦门市绿色植被降温服务功能,收集厦门市2010年和2015年18个气象站点数据,采用30 m空间分辨率Landsat卫星数据和250 m空间分辨率、16 d合成的MODIS植被指数产品,在已有基于能量平衡估算模型的基础上,通过考虑植被覆盖及降温服务时长,构建了绿色植被降温服务功能核算的改进模型,并对厦门市2010—2015年绿色植被降温服务功能时空动态特征进行分析.结果表明:①改进模型能够较为准确且合理地描述绿色植被降温服务功能的时空变化特征.②厦门市北部山区由于高植被覆盖度降温服务功能高于南部城市建成区,而城市建成区中的城市绿地也具有明显的降温作用.③2010—2015年各区降温服务功能实物量整体呈增加趋势.其中,同安区降温服务功能实物量变化量最多,为166.12×106 kW·h;湖里区变化量最少,为9.72×106 kW·h;其余各区变化量都在40×106~75×106 kW·h范围内.④森林在降温服务中贡献最大,达60%以上.相比2010年,2015年降温服务功能实物量除了灌木林地变化率为-4.29%外,其余绿色植被类型均呈增长趋势,如森林和农田的增长率为11.97%、14.23%,草地和城市绿地的增长率为87.45%、92.11%.研究显示,厦门市2010—2015年的绿色植被降温服务功能总体呈明显增强趋势,其中城市绿地的降温服务功能增强尤为明显.      

Considering connections between Hollywood and biodiversity conservation

Cinema offers a substantial opportunity to share messages with a wide audience. However, there is little research or evidence about the potential benefits and risks of cinema for conservation. Given their global reach, cinematic representations could be important in raising awareness of conservation issues and species of concern, as well as encouraging greater audience engagement due to their heightened emotional impact on viewers. Yet there are also risks associated with increased exposure, including heightened visitor pressure to environmentally sensitive areas or changes to consumer demand for endangered species. Conservationists can better understand and engage with the film industry by studying the impact of movies on audience awareness and behavior, identifying measurable impacts on conservation outcomes, and engaging directly with the movie industry, for example, in an advisory capacity. This improved understanding and engagement can harness the industry's potential to enhance the positive impacts of movies featuring species, sites, and issues of conservation concern and to mitigate any negative effects. A robust evidence base for evaluating and planning these engagements, and for informing related policy and management decisions, needs to be built.     

The effect of diesel fuel on common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) plants

When petroleum hydrocarbons contaminate soil, the carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio of the soil is altered. The added carbon stimulates microbial numbers but causes an imbalance in the C:N ratio which may result in immobilization of soil nitrogen by the microbial biomass, leaving none available for plant growth. As members of Leguminosae fix atmospheric nitrogen to produce their own nitrogen for growth, they may prove more successful at growing on petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites. During a wider study on phytoremediation of diesel fuel contaminated soil, particular attention was given to the performance of legumes versus other plant species. During harvesting of pot experiments containing leguminous plants, a recurring difference in the number and formation of root nodules present on control and contaminated Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) plants was observed. The total number of nodules per plant was significantly reduced in contaminated plants compared to control plants but nodules on contaminated plants were more developed than corresponding nodules on control plants. Plant performance of Common vetch and Westerwold's ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) was compared to illustrate any difference between the ability of legumes and grasses to grow on diesel fuel contaminated soil. Common vetch was less affected by diesel fuel and performed better in low levels of diesel fuel contaminated soil than Westerwolds ryegrass. The total amount of diesel fuel remaining after 4 months in Common vetch planted soil was slightly less than in Westerwolds ryegrass planted soil.     

基于葵花影像中国地区夜间云识别方法研究

目的实现适用于中国地区的夜间云识别。方法根据红外波段云与非云的亮温差异,采用亮温阈值法研究适用于中国地区的夜间云识别算法。中国地形高程差异明显,其地表辐射能量也存在较大差异,影响云检测结果精度,因而提出基于三个高程阶梯的云识别方法。由于云检测结果验证缺少可见光波段,使用MODIS云数据产品和雷达数据CALIPSO分别做定性和定量验证。结果云检测区域与MODIS的MYD06云产品基本一致,CALIPSO雷达数据四个月的平均验证结果为:非云区域的提取精度约77.86%,云区域的提取精度为79.67%,将有云区域错提为非云的误差率为2.76%,而将非云区域误提取为有云区域的错误率为12.31%。结论利用日本静止气象卫星Himawari-8影像数据,根据阈值法提出的基于三个高程阶梯的云检测算法,较好地实现了适用于中国地区的夜间云识别。     

基于8—羟基喹啉与NO^—2—磺胺重氮盐的偶联反应示波极谱法测定NO^—2

研究了８－羟基喹啉与ＮＯ＾－２－碘胺重氮盐偶联反应的条件及其产物的极谱行为。二阶导数波高与ＮＯ＾－２的浓度在０．００２－０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ内呈良好的线性关系,回收率为９８％－１０３％,已用于环境水样中ＮＯ＾－２的测定。