电子垃圾拆解地区人体双酚A内暴露及与氧化应激效应的关联研究

中国已成为全球电子垃圾的主要回收地之一,电子垃圾拆解造成的污染物人体暴露及健康效应备受关注。尤其是在粗放的拆解方式下,释放的双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)等污染物暴露以及对拆解地区人群的健康影响是重要的科学问题。选取中国北方某电子垃圾拆解地区(即暴露地区)人群为研究对象(包括29名电子垃圾拆解从业者和24名当地居民),以40 km外无电子垃圾拆解地区的人群(N=53)作为参照。暴露地区人群尿液中BPA浓度(中值:10.7μg·g-1肌酐)显著高于参照地区人群(中值:0.66μg·g-1肌酐;P0.01),提示电子垃圾拆解活动可能造成当地人群对BPA的高暴露。暴露地区人群的尿液8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHd G;中值:236μg·g-1肌酐)高于参照人群(中值:142μg·g-1肌酐),统计结果接近显著(P=0.055)。暴露地区人群血清中谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GSH-ST)与铜/锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)含量较参照组显著降低;而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)显著高于参照组(P0.01)。BPA与8-OHd G显著正相关(P0.05)、与GSH-ST负相关(P0.01);多元回归结果显示,尿液中BPA浓度每上升1倍,8-OHd G升高34.9%(95%CI:19.4%~52.3%),而GSH-ST下降5.46%(95%CI:1.17%~9.56%)。本研究显示,电子垃圾拆解可导致该地区人群对BPA的高暴露,这种暴露可导致氧化应激包括对DNA的氧化损伤。     

中国大陆8级地震的空间关联特征及复发周期探讨

某些8级以上地震具有在同一经线和同一纬线上成组交替发生的特点.在此认识的基础上应用\"黄金分割数\"探讨了8级地震的空间关联现象.结果发现8级地震具有空间关联特征,其关联特征可以用\"黄金分割数\"定量描述.据此建立了\"黄金分割预测模型\",并对昆仑山口西8.1级地震后的下一次8级地震的发生区域进行了预测.中国大陆及周边的M≥7(3)/(4)级地震有25年的复发周期,这种复发周期既有较小范围的转移,也有较大范围的转移.由此预测下次8级地震将发生在2022年前后.     

水样总氮测定空白值偏高的探讨

根据《水质总氮的测定碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法》（GB11894—89）测定地表水中的总氮时,空白试验的吸光值常偏高。经对加热消解时间、试验用水水质、试剂添加顺序、储存时间等因素进行了试验,并对操作步骤影响吸光度空白值作了探讨。     

基于Landsat 8卫星OLI影像遥感反演盐城市区域大气能见度状况

利用遥感软件ENVI 5.2的FLAASH大气校正模块,对盐城市2013—2014年共22景Landsat 8卫星OLI影像进行了区域大气能见度遥感反演,并与盐城市环境监测中心站的空气自动监测子站的PM10、PM2.5以及当地气象部门的能见度观测数据进行了对比。结果表明,OLI遥感影像可以对区域尺度大气能见度进行有效的观测,反演的区域性大气能见度水平与地面空气质量自动监测结果存在消长关系,与地面能见度数据有近70%的一致性。     

Arsenic exposure and oxidative damage to lipid,DNA,and protein among general Chinese adults:A repeated-measures cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Arsenic-related oxidative stress and resultant diseases have attracted global concern,while longitudinal studies are scarce.To assess the relationship between arsenic exposure and systemic oxidative damage,we performed two repeated measures among 5236 observations(4067 participants)in the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort at the baseline and follow-up after 3 years.Urinary total arsenic,biomarkers of DNA oxidative damage(8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)),lipid peroxidation(8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha(8-isoPGF2α)),and protein oxida-tive damage(protein carbonyls(PCO))were detected for all observations.Here we used lin-ear mixed models to estimate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between ar-senic exposure and oxidative damage.Exposure-response curves were constructed by uti-lizing the generalized additive mixed models with thin plate regressions.After adjusting for potential confounders,arsenic level was significantly and positively related to the levels of global oxidative damage and their annual increased rates in dose-response manners.In cross-sectional analyses,each 1％increase in arsenic level was associated with a 0.406％(95％confidence interval(CI):0.379％to 0.433％),0.360％(0.301％to 0.420％),and 0.079％(0.055％to 0.103％)increase in 8-isoPGF2α,8-OHdG,and PCO,respectively.More importantly,arsenic was further found to be associated with increased annual change rates of 8-isoPGF2α(β:0.147;95％CI:0.130 to 0.164),8-OHdG(0.155;0.118 to 0.192),and PCO(0.050;0.035 to 0.064)in the longitudinal analyses.Our study suggested that arsenic exposure was not only positively related with global oxidative damage to lipid,DNA,and protein in cross-sectional analy-ses,but also associated with annual increased rates of these biomarkers in dose-dependent manners.     

欧洲规范关于延性桥梁抗震设计方法的安全性评价

评价了欧洲桥梁抗震设计规范(Eurocode 8, part2)[1]关于延性桥梁抗震设计方法的安全性.以一座高架桥横向抗震设计为例,按3个不同的性能系数设计圆柱式桥墩,根据欧规规定的最小配箍率配置箍筋,使用自编程序MCAP[2]评价其实际达到的延性水平,并通过非线性时程分析评价其抗震性能.结果表明,欧洲规范规定的最小配箍率足以保证结构达到预期的最低延性能力,性能系数具有相当大的安全储备.同时可以借鉴欧洲规范,作为延性桥梁抗震设计的一种安全设计方法.     

就天津“8·12”事故论安全生产问题的复杂性

为阐明安全生产问题的复杂性,基于开放复杂巨系统理论,分析天津“8·12”事故的复杂特征。评述专家群体运用综合集成法成功处置事故的经验。研究表明,城镇化、工业化、全面信息化使每个企业、每个人的开放性空前高涨,如今的安全生产问题远比过去的情形复杂;企业的关系网络结构是安全生产问题复杂性的另一个内在根源;安全生产问题是安全生产监管体制和机制中的系统性风险的涌现。应运用综合集成法探索安全生产问题的一揽子解决方案。     

Environmental justice in Appalachia Ohio? An expanded consideration of privilege and the role it plays in defending the contaminated status quo in a white,working-class community

Environmental justice addresses inequitable distributions of health risks from exposure to pollution and other hazards. Appalachian residents of southeastern Ohio who live along the Ohio River are disproportionately subject to industrial pollution. Of particular concern is the DuPont Washington Works plant where perfluorooctanoic acid, or C8, was used to make consumer products. Although company officials became aware in 1984 that the water supply of Little Hocking, Ohio, was tainted with C8 coming from its plant, residents were not notified until 2002. Subsequent studies determined a number of health problems, including cancer, are linked to residents’ exposure. This qualitative study asked Little Hocking residents and environmental regulators if they consider C8 contamination in Little Hocking an injustice. Results indicate a lack of consensus – even among affected residents – concerning DuPont's^® actions as constituting an injustice. This finding, among others, is used to argue that many residents in Little Hocking, through their association with DuPont^®, benefit from class-based forms of privilege and seek to maintain them in the context of immobility and economic uncertainty. This explains why some communities may be considered an environmental justice community from an academic standpoint, but not self-identify as such. However, maintaining privilege at the local scale in the context of weak regulation enhances exploitation in Little Hocking while contributing to power at extra-local scales. Thus, environmental justice activists in white, working-class communities must overcome the challenge posed by privilege that defends the contaminated status quo.     

C_8-SBA-15新型介孔涂层SPME-HPLC联用测定水样中的芘

以辛基键合SBA-15为固相微萃取（SPME）的吸附涂层,考察了吸附和解吸时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率对SPME效率的影响。该方法的线性范围为3.0—320μg/L,检出限为0.5μg/L,依据此方法测定了环境水样中芘,具有灵敏度高和精密度好的特点。