水生维管束植物处理污水及其综合利用

文章通过大量实验数据及国内外水生维管束植物处理污水的发展状况,深入探讨水生维管束植物处理污水的净化机理及其影响因素,并对水生维管束植物处理污水资源化的综合利用进行了论述,从目前的研究成果来看,该方法是一种经济、有效、适合我国国情的污水处理方法。     

2016～2020年成都市控制PM2.5和O3-8h污染的健康效益评价

细颗物(PM_2.5)和臭氧是我国主要的大气污染物,严重危害人群健康.为评估成都市大气污染防治行动实施期间PM_2.5和臭氧对人群健康的影响,首先,利用流行病学中的广义相加模型和非线性分布滞后模型估算了2014～2016年成都市PM_2.5和臭氧最大8 h滑动平均(O_3-8h)浓度变化对居民疾病死亡影响的暴露-反应关系系数(β),在此基础上,采用环境风险和环境价值评估法估算2016～2020年成都市PM_2.5和O_3-8h浓度暴露水平变化的健康收益.结果表明：(1)2016～2020年成都市的ρ(PM_2.5)年均值呈逐年下降趋势,从63μg·m^-3降至40.92μg·m^-3,年均下降率约为10.14%;与之相反,ρ(O_3-8h)年均值从155μg·m^-3升至169μg·m^-3,年均增长率约为2.23%.(2)成都市PM_2.5...     

烟花爆竹安全生产核心问题研究

烟花爆竹生产作为高危行业,具有很高的风险性和危险性。烟花爆竹安全事故频繁发生,重大事故也时有发生。为改变这种局面,降低烟花爆竹安全事故发生的机率及后果的严重性,本文根据我国当前烟花爆竹的生产和管理现状,对我国烟花爆竹安全生产的核心问题进行了研究,分析了烟花爆竹的危险性和事故发生的原因,结合黑龙江伊春"8.16"特别重大烟花爆竹爆炸事故调查的经历,从技术和管理两个层面提出了有针对性的安全保障措施和建议,对我国烟花爆竹行业的安全生产和监管提供指导和参考。     

LnSrCoO4对CO和C3H8的氧化性能

采用聚乙二醇凝胶法制备LnSrCoO4(Ln=La,Sm)复合氧化物,考察了其对CO和C3H8的氧化反应活性,并运用XRD,BET,TEM和TPD等方法对其进行了表征．结果表明：该类复合氧化物具有四方K2NiF。结构,对CO和C3H8的氧化反应具有不同的催化活性,而LaSrCo04催化活性更好．     

Label-free colorimetric nanosensor with improved sensitivity for Pb2+ in water by using a truncated 8–17 DNAzyme

• Unmodified-AuNP based, colorimetric nanosensor was constructed for Pb²⁺ detection. • 5-nucleotide truncation in DNAzyme made complete substrate detachment upon Pb²⁺. • Ultrasensitive and selective detection of Lead (II) was achieved with 0.2×10^-9 mol/L LOD. Water pollution accidents, such as the Flint water crisis in the United States, caused by lead contamination have raised concern on the safety of drinking water distribution systems. Thus, the routine monitoring of lead in water is highly required and demands efficient, sensitive, cost-effective, and reliable lead detection methods. This study reports a label-free colorimetric nanosensor that uses unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as indicators to enable rapid and ultra-sensitive detection of lead in environmental water. The 8–17 DNAzyme was truncated in this study to facilitate the detachment of single-stranded DNA fragments after substrate cleavage in the presence of Pb²⁺. The detached fragments were adsorbed over AuNPs and protected against salt concentration-induced aggregation. Accordingly, high Pb²⁺ would result in rapid color change from blue to pink. The established sensing principle achieved a sensitive limit of detection of 0.2×10^-9 mol/L Pb²⁺, with a linear working range of two orders of magnitude from 0.5×10^-9 mol/L to 5×10^-9 mol/L. The selectivity of the nanosensor was demonstrated by evaluating the interfering metal ions. The developed nanosensor can serve as a substitute for the rapid analysis and monitoring of trace lead levels under the drinking water distribution system and even other environmental water samples.     

Effect of latex material on antioxidant enzymes,lipid peroxidation,DNA damage,and chromosomal aberration

Cell integrity is affected by oxidative stress when the production of active oxidants overwhelms antioxidant defense mechanisms. Latex, a natural polymer obtained from Hevea brasiliensis, is used in medical industry for manufacturing surgical gloves, urinary catheters, and dental dams. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of latex material on oxidative stress by in vivo and in vitro methods. In addition, the material was screened for its ability to induce any chromosomal aberrations (CAs) by in vitro method. In vivo studies were carried out with implanted latex material onto subcutaneous tissue of various batches of experimental Wistar rats. At the end of experimental period, animals were anesthetized, blood was collected for serum analysis, and sacrificed. Liver was excised for the determination of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Subcutaneous tissues were obtained for the extraction of genomic DNA from implanted animals and checked for the presence of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), considered an indicator of DNA damage. Simultaneously, in vitro studies were carried out using fresh liver and subcutaneous tissue obtained from Swiss albino mice treated with physiological saline extract of latex material. For the estimation of both in vitro and in vivo oxidative stress, 10% liver homogenate was assessed for stress indicators like reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, LPO and protein content. The results of both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that the chemical leachents from the latex material did not significantly affect LPO and the levels of antioxidant enzymes. There was also no significant increase in 8-OHdG content due to the presence of implanted latex material. Finally, the results of in vitro CA test and G banding indicated that extracts of test material did not induce any chromosomal abnormalities.     

Microbiological evaluation of 4-(6-chloro-7H-purin-8-ylamino)-3-nitro-chromen-2-one with a comparison to antibacterial activity of standard drugs

Nucleophilic substitution of 4-chloro-3-nitro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-2-one 3 by 6-chloro-7H-purin-2-ylamine (a), yielded the corresponding 4-(6-chloro-7H-purin-8-ylamino)-3-nitro-chromen-2-one 4. The chemical structure of synthesized compound was characterized using IR and NMR spectra, and elemental analyses. The purified synthesized compound 4 was tested at concentrations 1, 3, 5 mg/ml for its antibacterial activity against three bacterial cultures: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compound was compared to antibacterial activity of standard antibiotics cephalexine and streptomycin.     

8:2氟调聚醇(8:2FTOH)厌氧生物降解特性

为了阐明厌氧环境下全氟羧酸（PFCAs）等全氟化合物的迁移归趋,研究了8：2氟调聚醇（8：2FTOH）的厌氧降解性能.结果表明,取自市政污水处理厂的污泥在厌氧条件下可还原降解8：2FTOH,并生成氟离子、全氟类和多氟类降解产物,且降解过程可采用双指数衰减模型拟合.在为期120d的培养中,8：2FTOH的摩尔降解率高达（93.2±0.9）%;摩尔回收率则随着培养时间的增加有下降的趋势,由培养初期（1d）的（97.5±5.1）%下降至末期（120d）的（68.9±4.0）%,这说明在培养后期可能产生了未知的降解产物或生成了未知的挥发性产物.8：2不饱和氟调聚酸（8：2FTUA）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）分别是摩尔产率最高的多氟类和全氟类降解产物,分别介于（6.94±0.10）%~（24.2±1.5）%和（2.67±0.22）%~（14.9±1.0）%的范围内.多氟类降解产物的摩尔产率随培养时间的增加先增加后降低,而全氟类降解产物的摩尔产率则随培养时间的增加持续增加,这说明其可能分别为中间降解产物和最终降解产物.     

前体物排放变化对珠江三角洲地区秋季臭氧污染演变的影响研究

自2013年以来,珠三角地区SO₂、NO_x及颗粒物等污染物浓度逐渐下降,但臭氧污染日渐凸显.作为二次污染物,臭氧污染演变受到排放与气象条件共同影响.而评估本地前体物人为排放变化、外部传输和气象变化对臭氧污染演变的影响,并识别臭氧污染长期演变趋势的重要驱动因素,是开展区域臭氧污染防控的关键基础.因此,本文采用WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ模拟平台,以2006—2017年广东省和中国大气污染物排放趋势清单为输入清单,以2014年的气象数据为基准年气象场,通过设置不同案例,结合观测数据,定量评估本地、外部排放变化和气象变化对珠三角秋季O₃污染长期演变趋势的影响.结果表明：在2006—2017年期间,整个珠三角9—10月臭氧日最大8 h(MDA8)浓度上升主要由人为排放变化主导,平均每年贡献0.7μg·m^-3,而气象条件总体上抑制了2006—2017年期间珠三角秋季臭氧MDA8浓度的增长,使得秋季臭氧MDA8浓度上升速率下降为0.2μg·m^-3·a^-1;人为排放变化...     

L andsat-7 SLC- OFF ETM遥感数据下载及在太湖蓝藻水华监测中的应用

利用互联网上USGS提供的公益性Landsat-7SLC—OFFETM遥感数据下载服务,建立了太湖地区2003年-2008年ETM遥感影像数据库,开展蓝藻水华面积解译和暴发特征分析。统计结果表明,2007年和2008年太湖蓝藻水华暴发呈加剧态势。